විෂ්ණුවර්ධන
Vishnuvardhana (r. 1108–1152 CE) was a king of the Hoysala Empire in what is today the modern state of Karnataka, India. He ascended the Hoysala throne after the death of his elder brother Veera Ballala I in c.1108. Originally a follower of Jainism and known as Bitti Deva, he came under the influence of the Hindu philosopher Ramanujacharya, converted to Hindu Vaishnavism and took the name "Vishnuvardhana".[1][2][3][4] Vishnuvardhana took the first steps in creating an independent Hoysala Empire in South India through a series of battles against his overlord, the Western Chalukya King Vikramaditya VI, and the Chola Empire to the south. He recovered parts of Gangavadi province (modern southern Karnataka) from the hegemony of the Cholas in the battle of Talakad,[5] and parts of Nolambavdi.[6] According to historian Coelho, the Hoysalas gained the dignity of a kingdom due to the efforts of Vishnuvardhana, whose rule was packed with "glorious" military campaigns.[7][8] According to historians Sen, Chopra et al., and Sastri, Vishnuvardhana was a "great soldier" and an "ambitious monarch".[9][10][11]
| විෂ්ණුවර්ධන | |
|---|---|
 විෂ්ණුවර්ධන | |
| හොයිසල රජ | |
| රාජ්‍ය සමය | ආ. ක්‍රි.ව 1108 – ආ. 1152 |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | වීර බල්ලල I |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | නරසිංහ I |
| උපත | Bitti Deva |
| වල්ලභයා | Shantaladevi, ලක්ෂ්මීදේවී |
| රාජවංශය | හොයිසල |
| ආගම | හින්දු ආගම (ජෛන් ආගමෙන් පසුව වැළඳගත්)[1][2][3][4] |
| හොයිසල රජවරු (1026–1343) | |
| නෘප කාම II | (1026–1047) |
| විනයාදිත්‍ය | (1047–1098) |
| එරෙයංග | (1098–1102) |
| වීර බල්ලල I | (1102–1108) |
| විෂ්ණුවර්ධන | (1108–1152) |
| නරසිංහ I | (1152–1173) |
| වීර බල්ලල II | (1173–1220) |
| වීර නරසිංහ II | (1220–1235) |
| වීර සෝමේශ්වර | (1235–1263) |
| නරසිංහ III | (1263–1292) |
| වීර බල්ලල III | (1292–1343) |
| හරිහර රාය (විජයනගර අධිරාජ්‍යය) |
(1342–1355) |
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Hoysala literature in the Kannada language began to proliferate under the patronage of Vishnuvardhana. The mathematician Rajaditya wrote Vyavaharaganita and Lilavati on mathematics. According to the historian E.P. Rice, the epic poet Nagachandra was under Vishnuvardhana's patronage when he wrote the earliest extant Ramayana (a Jain version) in the Kannada language called Ramachandra charita purana, and an epic on the nineteenth Jain Tirthankar titled Mallinathapurana.[12][13][14][15]
References සංස්කරණය
Citations සංස්කරණය
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Govindāchārya 1906, පිටු අංකය: 180.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Stein 1989, පිටු අංකය: 16.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Menon 2013, පිටු අංකය: 127.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Smith 1920, පිටු අංකය: 203.
- ↑ Sen 1999, පිටු අංක: 386-387, 485.
- ↑ Sen 2013, පිටු අංක: 58-60.
- ↑ Kamath 1980, පිටු අංකය: 124.
- ↑ Coelho in Kamath (1980), p.124
- ↑ උපුටාදැක්වීම් දෝෂය: අනීතික
<ref>ටැගය;santaraනමැති ආශ්‍රේයන් සඳහා කිසිදු පෙළක් සපයා නොතිබුණි - ↑ උපුටාදැක්වීම් දෝෂය: අනීතික
<ref>ටැගය;Kanchiනමැති ආශ්‍රේයන් සඳහා කිසිදු පෙළක් සපයා නොතිබුණි - ↑ Sen (1996), p.386
- ↑ T. K. Venkataraman (1968), p.163, Indian culture, University of Madras, Amudha Nilayam, OCLC 599885676
- ↑ Karnataka through the ages: from prehistoric times to the day of the independence of India, Literary and Cultural Development Dept, Government of Mysore, 1968, p.466
- ↑ Kamath (1980), p.133
- ↑ E.P. Rice in Sisir Kumar Das (2005), p.144, A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 81-260-2171-3
Sources සංස්කරණය
- Chopra, P.N.; Ravindran, T.K.; Subrahmanian, N (2003), History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 1, New Delhi: Chand Publications,
- Foekema, Gerard (1996), Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, New Delhi: Abhinav,
- Govindāchārya, Alkandavilli (1906), The life of Ramanujacharya: the exponent of the Visistadvaita philosophy, Madras: S. Murthy and Co.
- Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001), A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present, Bangalore: Jupiter books,
- Majumdar, R.C. (1977), Ancient India, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass,
- Menon, Indira (2013), RHYTHMS IN STONE, The Temples of South India, Ambi Knowledge Resource
- Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta (2002), A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar, New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press,
- Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999), Ancient Indian History and Civilization, New Age Publishers,
- Sen, Sailendra Nath (2013), A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, New Delhi: Primus,
- Settar, S, "Hoysala Heritage", Frontline, Volume 20 – Issue 08, April 12–25, 2003 (Frontline, From the publishers of the Hindu), http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2008/stories/20030425000206700.htm, ප්‍රතිෂ්ඨාපනය 2006-11-13
- Smith, Vincent Aurthur (1920), The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Clarendon Press
- Stein, Burton (1989), The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara, Cambridge University Press,
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා Veera Ballala I |
Hoysala 1108–1152 |
අනුප්‍රාප්තික Narasimha I |