"ඩී.ඩී.ටී" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

First synthesized in 1874 by [[Othmar Zeidler]],<ref name=EHC9/> DDT's insecticidal properties were not discovered until 1939 by the [[Swiss (people)|Swiss]] scientist [[Paul Hermann Müller]], who was awarded the 1948 [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology and Medicine for his efforts.<ref name=nobel/>

 

ඩීඩීටී is the best–known of several [[ක්ලෝරීන්]]–containing pesticides used in the 1940s and 1950s. With [[pyrethrum]] in short supply, DDT was used extensively during World War II by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] to control the insect [[Vector (epidemiology)|vectors]] of [[typhus]]—nearly eliminating the disease in many parts of [[Europe]]. In the [[Pacific Ocean|South Pacific]], it was sprayed aerially for malaria control with spectacular effects. While DDT's chemical and insecticidal properties were important factors in these victories, advances in application equipment coupled with a high degree of organization and sufficient manpower were also crucial to the success of these programs.<ref name=Dunlap>{{

cite book|last=Dunlap|first=Thomas R.|title=DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=New Jersey|year=1981|isbn=0-691-04680-8}}</ref> In 1945, it was made available to farmers as an agricultural insecticide,<ref name=EHC9/> and it played a minor role in the final elimination of malaria in Europe and [[North America]].<ref name="Larson"/> By the time DDT was introduced in the U.S., the disease had already been brought under control by a variety of other means.<ref name="OreskesErik M. Conway2010">{{

 

=== Residents' concerns ===

 

For IRS to be effective, at least 80% of homes and barns in an area must be sprayed.<ref name="IRS-WHO"/> Lower coverage rates can jeopardize program effectiveness. Many residents resist DDT spraying, objecting to the lingering smell, stains on walls, and may exacerbate problems with other insect pests.<ref name = "Curtis"/><ref name="Musawenkosi">{{

=== Alternatives ===

==== Other insecticides ====

Advocates of increased use of DDT in IRS claim that alternative insecticides are more expensive, more toxic, or not as effective. As discussed above, susceptibility of mosquitoes to DDT varies geographically. The same is true for alternative insecticides, so its relative effectiveness varies. Toxicity and cost-effectiveness comparisons lack data. Relative insecticide costs vary by location and ease of access, the habits of the local mosquitoes, the degrees of resistance exhibited by the mosquitoes, and the habits and compliance of the population, among other factors. The choice of insecticide has little impact on the total cost of a round of spraying, since product costs are only a fraction of campaign costs. IRS coverage needs to be maintained throughout the malaria season, making DDT's relatively long life an important cost savings.