"සමසමාජවාදය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්
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{{මූලික|Marxism-Leninism}}
Marxism-Leninism is a version of socialism adopted by the
=== ස්ටාලින් වාදය ===
{{මූලික|Stalinism}}
"Stalinism" refers to the brand of communist regime that dominated the [[
The main contributions of Stalin to communist theory were:
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=== Titoism ===
{{මූලික|Titoism}}
Elements of Titoism are characterized by policies and practices based on the principle that in each country, the means of attaining ultimate communist goals must be dictated by the conditions of that particular country, rather than by a pattern set in another country. During Tito’s era, this specifically meant that the communist goal should be pursued independently of (and often in opposition to) the policies of the [[
The term was originally meant as a [[pejorative]], and was labeled by Moscow as a heresy during the period of tensions between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia known as the ''[[Informbiro]]'' period from 1948 to 1955.
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{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2008}}
{{මූලික|Juche}}
In 1992, [[Juche]] replaced [[Marxism-Leninism]] in the revised North Korean constitution as the official state ideology, this being a response to the [[Sino-Soviet split]]. Juche was originally defined as a creative application of Marxism-Leninism, but after the 1991 collapse of the [[
According to Kim Jong-il's ''On the Juche Idea'', the application of Juche in state policy entails the following:
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[[ගොනුව:Communist countries.PNG|thumb|right|300px|A map of countries who declared themselves to be socialist states under the Marxist-Leninist or Maoist definition (in other words, "communist states") at some point in their history. The map uses present-day borders.]]
During the [[Russian Civil War]] (1918–1922), the Bolsheviks [[nationalization|nationalized]] all productive property and imposed a policy of ''[[war communism]]'', which put factories and railroads under strict government control, collected and rationed food, and introduced some bourgeois management of industry. After three years of war and the 1921 [[Kronstadt rebellion]], Lenin declared the [[New Economic Policy]] (NEP) in 1921, which was to give a "limited place for a limited time to capitalism." The NEP lasted until 1928, when [[Joseph Stalin]] achieved party leadership, and the introduction of the first Five Year Plan spelled the end of it. Following the Russian Civil War, the Bolsheviks formed in 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), or [[
Following Lenin's democratic centralism, the Communist parties were organized on a hierarchical basis, with active cells of members as the broad base; they were made up only of elite [[cadre]]s approved by higher members of the party as being reliable and completely subject to [[party discipline]].<ref>[[Norman Davies]]. "Communism" ''The Oxford Companion to World War II''. Ed. I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot. Oxford University Press, 2001.</ref>
After [[දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය]], Communists consolidated power in [[Eastern Europe]], and in 1949, the [[Communist Party of China]] (CPC) led by [[Mao Zedong]] established the [[People's Republic of China]], which would later follow its own ideological path of Communist development.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} [[Cuba]], [[North Korea]], [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Angola]], and [[Mozambique]] were among the other countries in the [[Third World]] that adopted or imposed a pro-Communist government at some point. Although never formally unified as a single political entity, by the early 1980s almost one-third of the world's population lived in [[Communist state]]s, including the former [[
Communist states such as Soviet Union and China succeeded in becoming industrial and technological powers, challenging the capitalists' powers in the [[arms race]] and [[space race]] and military conflicts.
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Part of this criticism is on the policies adopted by one-party states ruled by Communist parties (known as "[[Communist state]]s"). Critics are specially focused on their economic performance compared to market based economies. Their [[human rights]] records are thought to be responsible for the flight of refugees from communist states, and are alleged{{Who|date=November 2008}} to be responsible for famines, purges and warfare resulting in deaths far in excess of previous empires, capitalist or Axis regimes.
Some writers, such as Courtois, argue that the actions of Communist states were the inevitable (though sometimes unintentional) result of Marxist principles;<ref>[[Nicolas Werth]], [[Karel Bartošek]], [[Jean-Louis Panne]], [[Jean-Louis Margolin]], [[Andrzej Paczkowski]], [[Stéphane Courtois]], ''[[Black Book of Communism|The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression]]'', [[Harvard University Press]], 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 978-0-674-07608-2</ref> thus, these authors present the events occurring in those countries, particularly under Stalin and Mao, as an argument against Marxism itself. Some critics were former Marxists, such as Wittfogel , who applied Marx's concept of "[[Oriental despotism]]" to Communist states such as the [[
There have also been more direct [[criticisms of Marxism]], such as criticisms of the [[labor theory of value]] or [[criticisms of Marxism#Marx's predictions|Marx's predictions]]. Nevertheless, Communist parties outside of the [[Warsaw Pact]], such as the Communist parties in Western Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa, differed greatly.
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