"සෞඛ්‍යය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

 

=== Physical health ===

 

Physical fitness is good bodily health, and is the result of regular [[exercise]], proper [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] and [[nutrition]], and proper [[rest]] for physical recovery.

 

A strong indicator of the health of populations is [[human height|height]], which is generally increased by improving nutrition and health care, and is also influenced by the standard of living and quality of life. [[Genetics]] is also a major factor in people's height. The study of human growth, its regulators, and its implications is known as [[Auxology]].

 

=== Mental health ===

 

Mental health refers to a human individual's emotional and psychological well-being. [[Merriam-Webster]] defines mental health as "A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life."

 

== Determinants of health ==

 

The [[LaLonde report]] suggested that there are four general determinants of health including ''human biology'', ''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]'', ''[[lifestyle]]'', and ''[[healthcare|healthcare services]].''<ref name="Lalonde">Lalonde, Marc. [http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/alt_formats/hpb-dgps/pdf/pubs/1974-lalonde/lalonde_e.pdf "A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians."] Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services; 1974.</ref> Thus, health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of [[health science]], but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society.

 

== Health maintenance ==

 

Achieving health and remaining healthy is an active process. Effective strategies for staying healthy and improving one's health include the following elements:

 

=== Nutrition ===

 

[[ගොනුව:MyPyramid1.png|right|thumb|270px|The updated [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[MyPyramid|food pyramid]], published in [[2005]], is a general nutrition guide for recommended [[food]] consumption.]]

 

===== Sports nutrition =====

 

Sports nutrition focuses the link between dietary supplements and athletic performance. One goal of sports nutrition is to maintain glycogen levels and prevent glycogen depletion. Another is to optimize energy levels and muscle tone. An athlete's strategy for winning an event may include a schedule for the entire season of what to eat, when to eat it, and in what precise quantities (before, during, after, and between workouts and events). Participants in endurance sports such as the [[Ironman triathlon|full-distance triathlon]] actually eat ''during'' their races. Sports nutrition works hand-in-hand with [[sports medicine]].

 

=== Exercise ===

 

[[ගොනුව:Soldier running in water original.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine]] emerges from the water upon completing the [[swimming]] leg of a [[triathlon]].]]

 

=== Hygiene ===

 

Hygiene is the practice of keeping the body clean to prevent infection and illness, and the avoidance of contact with infectious agents. Hygiene practices include [[bathing]], [[oral hygiene|brushing and flossing teeth]], [[washing hands]] especially before eating, washing food before it is eaten, cleaning food preparation utensils and surfaces before and after preparing meals, and many others. This may help prevent infection and illness. By cleaning the body, dead skin cells are washed away with the germs, reducing their chance of entering the body.

 

=== Stress management ===

 

Prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact health, such as by weakening the immune system. ''See [[Fight-or-flight response#Negative effects of the stress response in humans|negative effects of the fight-or-flight response]].'' Stress management is the application of methods to either reduce stress or increase tolerance to stress. Certain [[nootropic]]s do both. [[Physical exercise|Exercising]] to improve physical fitness, especially cardiovascular fitness, boosts the immune system and increases stress tolerance. [[Relaxation technique]]s are physical methods used to relieve stress. Examples include , [[progressive relaxation]], and [[fractional relaxation]]. Psychological methods include [[cognitive therapy]], [[meditation]], and [[positive thinking]] which work by reducing response to stress. Improving relevant skills and abilities builds confidence, which also reduces the stress reaction to situations where those skills are applicable. Reducing uncertainty, by increasing knowledge and experience related to stress-causing situations, has the same effect. Learning to cope with problems better, such as improving problem solving and time management skills, may also reduce stressful reaction to problems. Repeatedly facing an object of one's fears may also desensitize the fight-or-flight response with respect to that stimulus -- e.g., facing bullies may reduce fear of bullies.

 

==== Workplace wellness programs ====

 

Workplace wellness programs are recognized by an increasingly large number of companies for their value in improving the health and well-being of their employees, and for increasing morale, loyalty, and productivity. Workplace wellness programs can include things like onsite fitness centers, health presentations, wellness newsletters, access to health coaching, tobacco cessation programs and training related to [[nutrition]], [[Weight loss|weight]] and stress management. Other programs may include health risk assessments, health screenings and [[body mass index]] monitoring. Mostly overseen or not mentioned is a group of determinants of health which could be called [[coincidence]], [[hazard]], [[luck]] or bad luck. These factors are quite important determinants of health but difficult to calculate.

 

== Public health ==

 

''Public health'' is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations, public and private, communities and individuals." It is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on [[population health]] analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as large as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a [[pandemic]]). Public health has many sub-fields, but is typically divided into the categories of [[epidemiology]], [[biostatistics]] and health [[Service (economics)|services]]. [[Environmental Health|Environmental]], social and behavioral health, and [[occupational health]], are also important fields in public health.

 

== Role of science in health ==

 

Health science is the branch of science focused on '''health''', and it includes many subdisciplines. There are two approaches to health science: the study and [[research]] of the human body and health-related issues to understand how humans (and animals) function, and the application of that knowledge to improve health and to prevent and cure [[disease]]s.