පෞද්ගලීකරණය
පෞද්ගලීකරණය (En=Privatization) is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency or public service from the public sector (the state or government) to the private sector (businesses that operate for a private profit) or to private non-profit organizations. In a broader sense, privatization refers to transfer of any government function to the private sector - including governmental functions like revenue collection and law enforcement.[1]
කරුණාකර මෙම ලිපිය සිංහල භාෂාවට පරිවර්තනය කිරීමෙන් දායකවන්න.
පෞද්ගලීකරණය යනු ව්‍යාපාරයක, ව්‍යවසායක, නියෝජිතායතනයක හෝ රාජ්‍ය සේවයක අයිතිය රාජ්‍ය අංශයෙන් (රාජ්‍ය හෝ රජය) පුද්ගලික අංශයට (පුද්ගලික ලාභයක් සඳහා ක්‍රියාත්මක වන ව්‍යාපාර) හෝ පුද්ගලික ලාභ නොලබන සංවිධාන වෙත පැවරීමේ සිදුවීම හෝ ක්‍රියාවලියයි. පුළුල් අර්ථයකින්, පුද්ගලීකරනය යනු ආදායම් එකතු කිරීම සහ නීතිය බලාත්මක කිරීම වැනි රාජ්‍ය කාර්යයන් ඇතුළුව - ඕනෑම රජයේ කාර්යයක් පුද්ගලික අංශයට පැවරීමයි.
Notes
සංස්කරණය- ^ Chowdhury, F. L. ‘’Corrupt Bureaucracy and Privatisation of Tax Enforcement’’, 2006: Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka.
References
සංස්කරණය- Alexander, Jason. 2009. Contracting Through the Lens of Classical Pragmatism: An Exploration of Local Government Contracting. Applied Research Project. Texas State University. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/288/ සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2010-06-21 at the Wayback Machine.
- Dovalina, Jessica. 2006. Assessing the Ethical Issues Found in the Contracting Out Process. Applied Research Project. Texas State University. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/108/ සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2010-06-25 at the Wayback Machine.
- Segerfeldt, Fredrik. 2006. Water for sale: how business and the market can resolve the world’s water crisis. Stockholm Network. http://www.stockholm-network.org/downloads/events/d41d8cd9-Amigo%20Segerfeldt.pdf සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
- Bernard Black et al., 'Russian Privatization and Corporate Governance: What Went Wrong? (2000) 52 Stanford Law Review 1731
- Unindexed
- Zullo, Roland. (2009). Does Fiscal Stress Induce Privatization? Correlates of Private and Intermunicipal Contracting, 1992-2002[permanent dead link]. Governance 22.3 (July): 459-481.
- Kosar, Kevin R. (2006), "Privatisation and the Federal Government: An Introduction", Report from the Congressional Research Service
- Bel, Germà (2006), "The coining of `privatisation´and Germany's National Socialist Party", Journal of Economic Perspectives 20(3), 187-194
- Clarke, Thomas (ed.) (1994) "International Privatisation: Strategies and Practices" Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-013569-8
- Clarke, Thomas and Pitelis, Christos (eds.) (1995) "The Political Economy of Privatisation" London and New York: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-12705-X
- Nico Perrone (2002), Economia pubblica rimossa, Milan, Giuffrè ISBN 88-14-10088-8
- Mayer, Florian (2006) Vom Niedergang des unternehmerisch tätigen Staates: Privatisierungspolitik in Großbritannien, Frankreich, Italien und Deutschland, VS Verlag, Wiesbaden, ISBN 3-531-14918-0
- Megginson and Netter, From state to market: A survey of empirical studies on privatization,
Journal of Economic Literature 39(2), June 2001, 321-89.
- Juliet D’Souza, William L. Megginson (1999), "The Financial and Operating Performance of Privatised Firms during the 1990s" සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2005-10-02 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Finance August 1999
- von Hayek, Friedrich, (1960) The Constitution of Liberty
- Smith, Adam (1994) The Wealth of Nations
- Stiglitz, Joseph Globalization and its Discontents
- David T. Beito, Peter Gordon, and Alexander Tabarrok (editors); foreword by Paul Johnson (2002). The voluntary city: choice, community, and civil society. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press/The Independent Institute. ISBN 0-472-08837-8.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - von Weizsäcker, Ernst, Oran Young, and Matthias Finger (editors): Limits to Privatisation. Earthscan, London 2005 ISBN 1-84407-177-4
- Jeb Sprague, 2007. Haiti: Workers Protest Privatizatin Layoffs. Inter Press Service.
- Roger L. Kemp, PhD, "Privatization: The Provision of Public Services by the Private Sector," McFarland & Co., Jefferson, NC, USA; and London, UK., 2007.
External links
සංස්කරණය
පෞද්ගලීකරණය , යන්න නිදහස් ශබ්දකෝෂය වන වික්ෂනරිය දී සොයා බලන්න.
- In the Public Interest is a Resource Center on privatization and responsible contracting.
- Reports of the Public Services International Research Unit at the University of Greenwich සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2007-07-03 at the Wayback Machine Research database with many articles on the effects of privatisation