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== Definition ==
According to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO), a pandemic can start when three conditions have been met:<ref name="who">{{cite web | language=en | url=http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/avian_faqs/en/ | title=Avian influenza frequently asked questions | date=December 5, 2005 | accessdate=2009-02-13 | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] | quote=A pandemic can start when three conditions have been met: a new influenza virus subtype emerges; it infects humans, causing serious illness; and it spreads easily and sustainably among humans.|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/20040402025318/www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/avian_faqs/en/|archivedate=2004-04-02}}</ref>
* Emergence of a disease new to a population.
* Agents infect humans, causing serious illness.
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=== Smallpox ===
[[Smallpox]] is a highly contagious disease caused by the [[Variola virus]]. The disease killed an estimated 400,000 Europeans per year during the closing years of the 18th century.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=vacc.chapter.3 Smallpox and Vaccinia]. ''National Center for Biotechnology Information.''</ref> During the 20th century, it is estimated that smallpox was responsible for 300–500 million deaths.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ucdavismagazine.ucdavis.edu/issues/su06/feature_1b.html |title=UC Davis Magazine, Summer 2006: Epidemics on the Horizon |accessdate=2008-01-03 |format= |work=}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080131122956.htm How Poxviruses Such As Smallpox Evade The Immune System], ScienceDaily, February 1, 2008</ref> As recently as early 1950s an estimated 50 million cases of smallpox occurred in the world each year.<ref>[
=== Measles ===
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