ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික සංකේතය

ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික සංකේතයක් යනු කම්බි, විදුලි කෝෂ, ප්‍රතිරෝධක, සහ ට්‍රාන්සිස්ටර වැනි නොයෙක් විද්‍යුත් සහ ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික උපාංග වල විද්‍යුත් හෝ විද්‍යුත් පරිපථ ක්‍රමාණුරූප රූපසටහන නිරූපණය කිරීම සඳහා භාවිතා කරනු ලබන චිත්‍රාක්ෂරයකි.

සංකේත සඳහා වූ ප්‍රමිතීන්

There are several national and international standards for graphical symbols in circuit diagrams, in particular:

IEC 60617 (also known as British Standard BS 3939)
ANSI standard Y32 (also known as IEEE Std 315)
Australian Standard AS 1102

Different symbols may be used depending on the discipline using the drawing. For example, lighting and power symbols used as part of architectural drawings may be different from symbols for devices used in electronics. National and local variations to international standards also exist.

Reference designations

A reference designator unambiguously identifies a component in an electrical schematic (circuit diagram) or on a printed circuit board (PCB). The reference designator usually consists of one or two letters followed by a number, e.g. R13, C1002. The number is sometimes followed by a letter, indicating that components are grouped or matched with each other, e.g. R17A, R17B. IEEE 315 contains a list of Class Designation Letters to use for electrical and electronic assemblies. For example, the letter R is a reference prefix for the resistors of an assembly, C for capacitors, K for relays.

IEEE 200-1975 or "Standard Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics Parts and Equipments" is a standard that was used to define referencing naming systems for collections of electronic equipment. IEEE 200 was ratified in 1975. The IEEE renewed the standard in the 1990s, but withdrew it from active support shortly thereafter. This standard also has an ANSI document number ANSI Y32.16-1975. They are the same document.

This standard codified information from, among other sources, a United States military standard MIL-STD-16 which dates back to at least the 1950s in American industry.

To replace IEEE 200-1975, a standards body for Mechanical Engineers, ASME, initiated the new standard ASME Y14.44-2008.

This standard along with IEEE 315-1975 provide the electrical designer with guidance on how to properly reference and annotate everything from a simple circuit board to a complete enclosure all the way to a collection of these assemblies.

It breaks down a system into units, and then any number of sub-assemblies. The Unit is the highest level of demarcation in a system and is always a numeral. Subsequent demarcation are called assemblies and always have the Class Letter "A" as a prefix following by a sequential number starting with 1. Any number of sub-assemblies may be defined until finally reaching the component.

Especially valuable is the method of referencing and annotating cables plus their connectors within and outside assemblies. Examples:

1A1A44J5 - Unit 1, Assembly 1, Sub-Assembly 44, Jack 5 (J5 is a connector on a box referenced as A44)
1A1A45J333 - Unit 1, Assembly 1, Sub-Assembly 45, Jack 333 (J333 is a connector on a box referenced as A45)

A cable connecting these two might be:

1A1W35 - In the assembly A1 is a cable called W35.

Connectors on this cable would be designated:

1A1W35P1
1A1W35P2

ASME Y14.44-2008 continues the convention of Plug P and Jack J when assigning references for connectors in electrical assemblies where a J (or jack) is the more fixed and P (or plug) is the less fixed of a connector pair without regard to the gender of the connector contacts.

The construction of reference designators is covered by IEEE 200-1975/ANSI Y32.16-1975^[1] (replaced by ASME Y14.44-2008^[2]) and IEEE-315-1975^[3]. The table below lists designators commonly used, and does not comply with the standard.

Designator	Component Type
AT	Attenuator
BR	Bridge rectifier
BT	Battery
C	Capacitor
CN	Capacitor network
D	Diode (including zeners, thyristors and LEDs)
DL	Delay line
DS	Display
F	Fuse
FB or FEB	Ferrite bead
FD	Fiducial
J	Jack connector (female)
JP	Link (Jumper)
K	Relay
L	Inductor
LS	Loudspeaker or buzzer
M	Motor
MK	Microphone
MP	Mechanical part (including screws and fasteners)
P	Plug connector (male)
PS	Power supply
Q	Transistor (all types)
R	Resistor
RN	Resistor network
RT	Thermistor
RV	Varistor
S	Switch (all types, including push-buttons)
T	Transformer
TC	Thermocouple
TUN	Tuner
TP	Test point
U	Integrated circuit
V	Vacuum Tube
VR	Variable Resistor (potentiometer or rheostat)
X	Transducer not matching any other category
Y	Crystal or oscillator
Z	Zener Diode

Component name abbreviations widely used in industry:

AE: aerial, antenna
B: battery
BR: bridge rectifier
C: capacitor
CRT:cathode ray tube
D or CR: diode
DSP:digital signal processor
F: fuse
FET:field effect transistor
GDT: gas discharge tube
IC: integrated circuit
J: wire link ("jumper")
JFET: junction gate field-effect transistor
L: inductor
LCD:Liquid crystal display
LDR: light dependent resistor
LED: light emitting diode
LS: speaker
M: motor
MCB: circuit breaker
Mic: microphone
MOSFET:Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
Ne: neon lamp
OP: Operational Amplifier
PCB: printed circuit board
PU: pickup
Q: transistor
R: resistor
RLA: RY: relay
SCR: silicon controlled rectifier
SW: switch
T: transformer
TFT:thin film transistor(display)
TH: thermistor
TP: test point
Tr: transistor
U: integrated circuit
V: valve (tube)
VC: variable capacitor
VFD: vacuum fluorescent display
VLSI:very large scale integration
VR: variable resistor
X: crystal, ceramic resonator
XMER: transformer
XTAL: crystal
Z or ZD: Zener diode

Gallery of common electronic symbols

ප්‍රතිරෝධක

Resistor: American (top) and IEC (bottom)
Potentiometer: American

ධාරිත්‍රක

Capacitor
Capacitor, polarized (American)
Capacitor, variable

ට්‍රාන්සිස්ටර

ඩයෝඩ (diyoda)

රික්ත පාට (Vacuum tubes)

Switches

Switch, Single Pole/Single Throw (SPST)
Switch, Single Pole/Double Throw (SPDT)
Switch, Double Pole/Double Throw (DPDT)

Miscellaneous

Batteries, single cell, multi-cell
Inductor
Transformer, with center tap
Silicon-controlled rectifier
Fuse: IEC (top) and American (lower two)
Phone jacks

References

^ Standard Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics Parts and Equipments: IEEE 200-1975 (Reaffirmed 1988): Section 4.1.5.3 (2). IEEE and ANSI, New York, NY. 1975.
^ Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics Parts and Equipment: ASME Y14.44-2008 (Replaced IEEE 200-1975). ASME, Fairfield, NJ. 2008. 2010-03-13 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2011-08-09.
^ Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters): IEEE-315-1975 (Reaffirmed 1993): Section 22. IEEE and ANSI, New York, NY. 1993.

External links

[1] Standard Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics Parts and Equipments: IEEE 200-1975 (Reaffirmed 1988): Section 4.1.5.3 (2). IEEE and ANSI, New York, NY. 1975.

[2] Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics Parts and Equipment: ASME Y14.44-2008 (Replaced IEEE 200-1975). ASME, Fairfield, NJ. 2008. 2010-03-13 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2011-08-09.

[3] Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters): IEEE-315-1975 (Reaffirmed 1993): Section 22. IEEE and ANSI, New York, NY. 1993.

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