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== පුහුණු ළමා වෛද්යවේදීන් ==
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The training of pediatricians varies considerably across the world.{{මූලික|Medical education|Physician}}
Like other medical practitioners, pediatricians begin their training with an entry-level medical education: a [[tertiary education|tertiary]]-level [[Course (education)|course]], undertaken at a [[medical school]] attached to a [[university]]. Such a course leads to a [[doctor of medicine|medical degree]].
Depending on jurisdiction and university, a medical degree course may be either undergraduate-entry or graduate-entry. The former commonly takes five or six years, and has been usual in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]. Entrants to graduate-entry courses (as in the USA), usually lasting four or five years, have previously completed a three- or four-year university degree, commonly but by no means always in sciences. Medical graduates hold a degree specific to the country and university in and from which they graduated. This degree qualifies that medical practitioner to become licensed or registered under the laws of that particular country, and sometimes of several countries, subject to requirements for "[[medical intern|internship]]" or "conditional registration".
Within the United States, the term [[physician]] also describes holders of the Doctor of [[Osteopathic medicine in the United States|Osteopathic medicine]] ([[D.O.]]) degree. For further information on osteopathic medicine, see the entry on the comparison of [[Comparison of MD and DO in the United States|MD and DO in the US]].
Pediatricians must undertake further training in their chosen field. This may take from three to six or more years, depending on jurisdiction and the degree of specialization. The post-graduate training for a [[primary care physician]], including primary care pediatricians, is generally not as lengthy as for a hospital-based [[medical specialist]].
In most jurisdictions, entry-level degrees are common to all branches of the medical profession, but in some jurisdictions, specialization in pediatrics may begin before completion of this degree. In some jurisdictions, pediatric training is begun immediately following completion of entry-level training. In other jurisdictions, junior medical doctors must undertake [[generalist]] (unstreamed) training for a number of years before commencing pediatric (or any other) [[specialization]]. Specialist training is often largely under the control of '''pediatric organizations''' (see below) rather than universities, with varying degrees of government input, depending on jurisdiction.
== රටවල් අනුව වෙනස්කම් ==
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Pediatricians have different roles in different countries.
In the USA, a pediatrician is a [[specialty (medicine)|specialist]] physician who generally functions in a primary care setting for children. Like all [[physician]]s, they first receive a general medical degree (from a US medical school, typically [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]] or [[Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine|DO]]). In addition, pediatricians complete an [[internship (medical)|internship]] in pediatrics and then two additional years of [[residency (medicine)|residency]] in pediatrics. A similar situation exists in Germany: a pediatrician ({{lang-de|[[wikt:Kinderarzt|Kinderarzt]]}}) is commonly a primary care physician for children.
In the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and many other parts of the world, a pediatrician is also a [[specialty (medicine)|specialist]] physician for children, but generally ''not'' in primary care. He or she sees children who are either urgently taken to a hospital or who are referred by [[general practitioner]]s; the latter see the bulk of child patients in primary care. Pediatricians generally first receive a general medical degree, typically [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MB BS, MB BChir]], etc., and then complete at least two years' general clinical training ("foundation training"), followed by six or more years' additional training in pediatrics or its [[Subspecialty|subspecialties]].
== උප විශේෂඥ ළමා වෛද්යෙවේදීන් ==
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Specialist pediatricians may undergo further training in sub-specialties. Practicing a subspecialty in pediatrics is similar in some respects to practising the relevant adult specialty, but a major difference is in the pattern of disease. Typically, diseases commonly seen in children are rare in adults (''e.g.'' [[bronchiolitis]], [[rotavirus]] infection), and those seen in adults are rare in children (''e.g.'' [[coronary artery disease]], [[deep vein thrombosis]]). Hence, pediatric [[cardiology|cardiologists]] deal with the heart conditions of children, particularly congenital heart defects, and pediatric [[oncology|oncologists]] most often treat types of cancer that are relatively common in children (''e.g.'' certain [[leukemia]]s, [[lymphoma]]s and [[sarcomas]]), but which are rarely seen in adults. Every subspecialty of adult medicine exists in pediatrics (with the obvious exception of [[geriatrics]]).
[[Adolescent medicine]] is a growing sub-specialty. The pattern of diseases in adolescents in part resembles that seen in older adults, and specialists or sub-specialists in adolescent medicine are also drawn from practitioners of [[internal medicine]] or [[family medicine]]. Another major sub-specialty, which is unique to pediatrics, is [[neonatology]]: the medical care of newborn babies.
== ළමා වෛද්ය සංවිධාන ==
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Most pediatricians are members of a national body. Examples are the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], the [[Canadian Paediatric Society]], the [[Royal College Of Paediatrics and Child Health]], [[Norsk barnelegeforening]] (The Norwegian society of pediatricians) or the [[Indian Academy of Pediatrics]]. In Australia and New Zealand, paediatricians are fellows of the [[Royal Australasian College of Physicians]], which covers both nations and which has adult & paediatric sections. This was the situation in the UK until the late 1990s, where specialist pediatricians were Members Fellows of either the [[Royal College of Physicians]] or of the fraternal colleges in Scotland. In 1996, British paediatricians were granted a royal charter to form their own college, the [[Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health]].
== ළමා වෛද්ය විශේෂඥයින් ගේ සමාජීය වගකීම ==
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Like other [[physician|medical practitioners]], pediatricians are traditionally considered to be members of a learned [[profession]], because of the extensive training requirements, and also because of the occupation's special ethical and legal duties.
Pediatricians commonly enjoy high [[social status]], often combined with expectations of a high and stable income and [[job security]]. However, medical practitioners in general often work long and inflexible hours, with shifts at unsociable times, and may earn less than other professionals whose education is of comparable length. [[Neonatology|Neonatologists]] or general pediatricians in hospital practice are often on call at unsociable times for [[perinatal]] problems in particular — such as for [[Cesarean section]] or other high risk [[childbirth|births]], and for the care of ill newborn infants.
In August 2000, during a "name and shame" campaign by [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[News of the World]], a paediatrician in [[Wales]] had her home and car vandalised by "[[vigilantes]]", who believed "paediatrician" meant "[[paedophile]]".<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2000/aug/30/childprotection.society Doctor driven out of home by vigilantes | UK news | The Guardian<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
== මේවාත් බලන්න ==
{{වෛද්ය විද්යාව}}
[[ප්රවර්ගය:ළමා වෛද්යවේදය|*]]
[[ප්රවර්ගය:මනෝ විද්යාව]]
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