විකිපීඩියා

"2018 ෆීෆා ලෝක කුසලාන පාපන්දු තරගාවලිය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

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232 පේළිය:
* Tunisia: Pervomayskoye, Moscow Oblast
* Uruguay: [[Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Bor]], [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
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==Preparation and costs==
===Budget===
At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion as of June 2018,<ref name=rbc/> it is the most expensive World Cup in history, surpassing the cost of the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]] in Brazil.<ref name=risen>{{cite news |title=Russia's 2018 World Cup costs grow by $600 million |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2017/10/24/russias-2018-world-cup-costs-grow-by-600m/106953076/ |work=USA TODAY |date=24 October 2017 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501232927/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2017/10/24/russias-2018-world-cup-costs-grow-by-600m/106953076/ |archive-date=1 May 2018}}</ref>
 
The [[Russian government]] had originally earmarked a [[Federal budget of Russia|budget]] of around $20 billion<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/russian-prime-minister-dmitry-medvedev-says-2018-fifa-world-cup-to-cost-20-billion-dollars-1535213 |title=Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev says 2018 FIFA World Cup to cost 20 billion dollars |date=13 June 2013 |publisher=NDTV |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302163901/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/russian-prime-minister-dmitry-medvedev-says-2018-fifa-world-cup-to-cost-20-billion-dollars-1535213 |archive-date=2 March 2018}}</ref> which was later slashed to $10 billion for the preparations of the World Cup, of which half is spent on transport infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rbth.com/sport/2016/01/07/2018-world-cup-russia-to-spend-5-billion-on-transport-despite-cuts_555759 |title=2018 World Cup: Russia to spend $5 billion on transport, despite cuts|date=7 January 2016 |publisher=Russia Beyond |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302103954/https://www.rbth.com/sport/2016/01/07/2018-world-cup-russia-to-spend-5-billion-on-transport-despite-cuts_555759 |archive-date=2 March 2018}}</ref> As part of the program for preparation to the 2018 FIFA World Cup, a federal sub-program “Construction and Renovation of Transport Infrastructure” was implemented with a total budget of 352.5 billion rubles, with 170.3 billion coming from the federal budget, 35.1 billion from regional budgets, and 147.1 billion from investors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Бюджет чемпионата мира 2018 года — около € 1 млрд |trans-title=The budget for the 2018 World Cup is about € 1 billion|work=Чемпионат |date=18 September 2015 |access-date=31 May 2018 |url=https://www.championat.com/business/news-2249017-bjudzhet-chempionata-mira-2018-v-rajone-1-mlrd.html |language=ru |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105025159/http://www.championat.com/business/news-2249017-bjudzhet-chempionata-mira-2018-v-rajone-1-mlrd.html |archive-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> The biggest item of federal spending was the aviation infrastructure (117.8 billion rubles).<ref>{{cite web |title=На подготовку транспортной инфраструктуры ЧМ-2018 в России потрачено 228 млрд |trans-title=228 billion spent on preparation of the transport infrastructure of the World Cup 2018 |website=sport24.ru |date=3 May 2018 |access-date=31 May 2018 |url=https://sport24.ru/news/football/2018-05-03-na-podgotovku-transportnoy-infrastruktury-chm-2018-v-rossii-potracheno-228-mlrd |language=ru |dead-url=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601111503/https://sport24.ru/news/football/2018-05-03-na-podgotovku-transportnoy-infrastruktury-chm-2018-v-rossii-potracheno-228-mlrd |archive-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> Construction of new hotels was a crucial area of infrastructure development in the World Cup host cities. Costs continued to balloon as preparations were underway.<ref name=risen/>
===Infrastructure spending===
[[Platov International Airport]] in [[Rostov-on-Don]] was upgraded with automated air traffic control systems, modern surveillance, navigation, communication, control, and meteorological support systems.<ref name=gazeta>{{cite web |title=Алмазная радиосвязь |work=Газета.Ru |date=30 March 2018 |access-date=31 May 2018 |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2018/03/30/11701340.shtml |language=ru |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601111504/https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2018/03/30/11701340.shtml |archive-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> [[Koltsovo Airport]] in [[Yekaterinburg]] was upgraded with radio-engineering tools for flight operation and received its second runway strip. [[Saransk Airport]] received a new navigation system; the city also got two new hotels, Mercure Saransk Centre and Four Points by Sheraton Saransk as well as few other smaller accommodation facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://info-rm.com/2018/01/16/v_nordovii_k_chn2018_proshli_klassifikaciyu_dva_hostela_i_motel.html/ |title=В Мордовии к ЧМ-2018 прошли классификацию два хостела и мотель |date=16 January 2018 |website=info-rm.com |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314192928/http://info-rm.com/2018/01/16/v_nordovii_k_chn2018_proshli_klassifikaciyu_dva_hostela_i_motel.html/ |archive-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> In [[Samara]], new tram lines were laid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samru.ru/society/novosti_samara/104707.html |title=Трамвайная линия до стадиона для ЧМ в Самаре готова на 89% |date=22 February 2018 |website=samru.ru |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302103956/http://www.samru.ru/society/novosti_samara/104707.html |archive-date=2 March 2018}}</ref> [[Khrabrovo Airport]] in [[Kaliningrad]] was upgraded with radio navigation and weather equipment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rusaviainsider.com/kaliningrad-airports-new-terminal-put-operation/ |title=Kaliningrad airport’s new terminal put in operation |publisher=Russian Aviation Insider |date=26 July 2017 |access-date=4 June 2018 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522214606/http://www.rusaviainsider.com/kaliningrad-airports-new-terminal-put-operation/ |archive-date=22 May 2018}}</ref> Renovation and upgrade of radio-engineering tools for flight operation was completed in the airports of [[Myachkovo Airport|Moscow]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Volgograd]], Samara, Yekaterinburg, [[Kazan]] and [[Sochi]].<ref name=gazeta/> On 27 March, the Ministry of Construction Industry, Housing and Utilities Sector of Russia reported that all communications within its area of responsibility have been commissioned. The last facility commissioned was a waste treatment station in Volgograd. In Yekaterinburg, where four matches are hosted, hosting costs increased to over 7.4 billion rubles, over-running the 5.6 billion rubles originally allocated from the state and regional budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://regnum.ru/news/2431507.html |title=В Екатеринбурге увеличились расходы на подготовку к проведению ЧМ-2018 |language=ru |date=14 June 2018 |access-date=16 June 2018 |website=regnum.ru}}</ref>
 
===Volunteers===
Volunteer applications to the Russia 2018 Local Organising Committee opened on 1 June 2016. The 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia Volunteer Program has set a new record: by 30 December when application period was over, the organisers received about 177,000 applications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Новый рекорд волонтерской программы ЧМ-2018 |trans-title=New record of the Volunteer program of the World Cup 2018 |website=welcome2018.com |date=17 January 2017 |access-date=31 May 2018 |url=http://welcome2018.com/journal/materials/volonterskaya-programma-chm-2018-ustanovila-novyy-rekord/ |language=ru |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822033741/http://welcome2018.com/journal/materials/volonterskaya-programma-chm-2018-ustanovila-novyy-rekord/ |archive-date=22 August 2017}}</ref> The 2018 FIFA World Cup will engage a total of 17,040 volunteers and more than 18,000 city volunteers in the 11 host cities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Набор волонтеров на ЧМ-2018 установил новый рекорд Чемпионатов мира |trans-title=A set of volunteers at the World Cup 2018 set a new World Cup record |publisher=FIFA |date=17 January 2017 |access-date=31 May 2018 |url=https://ru.fifa.com/worldcup/news/набор-волонтеров-на-чм-2018-установил-новыи-рекорд-чемпионатов-мира-2863622 |language=ru |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601111503/https://ru.fifa.com/worldcup/news/набор-волонтеров-на-чм-2018-установил-новыи-рекорд-чемпионатов-мира-2863622 |archive-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> They received training at 15 Volunteer Centres of the Local Organising Committee based in 15 universities, and in Volunteer Centres in the host cities. Preference, especially in the key areas, is given to those with knowledge of foreign languages and volunteering experience. Volunteers can be nationals of Russia or any other countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Чемпионат мира по футболу FIFA 2018 в России™ - Волонтерская программа: F.A.Q. - FIFA.com |trans-title=FIFA 2018 World Cup in Russia™ – Volunteer program: F.A.Q. |publisher=FIFA.com |date= | access-date=31 May 2018 |url=http://ru.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/volunteers/faq/ |language=ru | dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010214935/http://ru.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/volunteers/faq/ |archive-date=10 October 2016}}</ref>
 
===Transport===
Free [[public transport]] services are being offered for ticketholders during the World Cup, including additional trains linking between host cities, as well as services such as bus service within them.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
 
 
==කාණ්ඩ වටය==
[[ගොනුව:2018 world cup.png|upright=2.0|thumb|{{col-start}} {{col-4}} {{legend|#2b42a3|Champions}} {{legend|#34c0be|Runners-up}} {{col-4}} {{legend|#269c5a|Third place}} {{legend|#81c846|Fourth place}} {{col-4}} {{legend|#e4e454|Quarter-finals}} {{legend|#f4d4ac|Round of 16}} {{col-4}} {{legend|#b94954|Group stage}} {{col-end}}]]
 
The top two teams of each group advance to the round of 16. Matches are played on a round-robin basis. All times listed below are [[Time in Russia|local time]].<ref name="schedule"/>
 
===Tiebreakers===
The rankings of teams in each group are determined as follows (regulations Article 32.5):<ref name="regulations"/>
{{ordered list|start=1
| points obtained in all group matches;
| goal difference in all group matches;
| number of goals scored in all group matches;
}}
If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings are determined as follows:
{{ordered list|start=4
| points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;
| goal difference in the group matches between the teams concerned;
| number of goals scored in the group matches between the teams concerned;
| fair play points {{unordered list
| first yellow card: minus 1 point;
| indirect red card (second yellow card): minus 3 points;
| direct red card: minus 4 points;
| yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points;
}}
| drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.
}}
 
===Group A===
{{Main|2018 FIFA World Cup Group A}}
{{2018 FIFA World Cup Group A table}}
 
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group A|a1}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group A|a2}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group A|a3}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group A|a4}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group A|a5}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group A|a6}}
 
===Group B===
{{Main|2018 FIFA World Cup Group B}}
{{2018 FIFA World Cup Group B table}}
 
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group B|b1}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group B|b2}}
----
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group B|b3}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group B|b4}}
----
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group B|b5}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group B|b6}}
 
===Group C===
{{Main|2018 FIFA World Cup Group C}}
{{2018 FIFA World Cup Group C table}}
 
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group C|c1}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group C|c2}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group C|c3}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group C|c4}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group C|c5}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group C|c6}}
 
===Group D===
{{Main|2018 FIFA World Cup Group D}}
{{2018 FIFA World Cup Group D table}}
 
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group D|d1}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group D|d2}}
----
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group D|d3}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group D|d4}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group D|d5}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group D|d6}}
 
===Group E===
{{Main|2018 FIFA World Cup Group E}}
{{2018 FIFA World Cup Group E table}}
 
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group E|e1}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group E|e2}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group E|e3}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group E|e4}}
----
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group E|e5}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group E|e6}}
 
===Group F===
{{Main|2018 FIFA World Cup Group F}}
{{2018 FIFA World Cup Group F table}}
 
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group F|f1}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group F|f2}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group F|f3}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group F|f4}}
----
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group F|f5}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group F|f6}}
 
===Group G===
{{Main|2018 FIFA World Cup Group G}}
{{2018 FIFA World Cup Group G table}}
 
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group G|g1}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group G|g2}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group G|g3}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group G|g4}}
----
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group G|g5}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group G|g6}}
 
===Group H===
{{Main|2018 FIFA World Cup Group H}}
{{2018 FIFA World Cup Group H table}}
 
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group H|h1}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group H|h2}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group H|h3}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group H|h4}}
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{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group H|h5}}
{{#lst:2018 FIFA World Cup Group H|h6}}
 
==ආශ්‍රිත==
"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_ෆීෆා_ලෝක_කුසලාන_පාපන්දු_තරගාවලිය" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි