"වියට්නාම් යුද්ධය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්
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නව ඡේද ටැගය: 2017 source edit |
තොරතුරුකොටුව ටැගය: 2017 source edit |
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1 පේළිය:
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Vietnam War<br />(Chiến tranh Việt Nam)
| partof = the [[Indochina Wars]] and the [[Cold War]]
| image = File:VNWarMontage.png
| image_size = 300px
| caption = '''Clockwise, from top left''': U.S. combat operations in [[Battle of Ia Drang|Ia Drang]], ARVN Rangers defending [[Battle of Saigon (1968)|Saigon]] during the 1968 [[Tet Offensive]], two [[Douglas A-4 Skyhawk|A-4C Skyhawks]] after the [[Gulf of Tonkin incident]], ARVN recapture [[Quảng Trị]] during the 1972 [[Easter Offensive]], civilians fleeing the [[First Battle of Quảng Trị|1972 Battle of Quảng Trị]], and burial of 300 victims of the 1968 [[Huế Massacre]].
| date = 1 November 1955{{refn|Due to the early presence of American troops in Vietnam the start date of the Vietnam War is a matter of debate. In 1998, after a high level review by the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] (DoD) and through the efforts of [[Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr.|Richard B. Fitzgibbon's]] family the start date of the Vietnam War according to the US government was officially changed to 1 November 1955.<ref name="DoD p. ">{{harvnb|DoD|1998|p=}}</ref> U.S. government reports currently cite 1 November 1955 as the commencement date of the "Vietnam Conflict", because this date marked when the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) in Indochina (deployed to Southeast Asia under President Truman) was reorganized into country-specific units and MAAG Vietnam was established.<ref name = "Lawrence 2009 20">{{Harvnb|Lawrence|2009|p=20}}.</ref>
Other start dates include when Hanoi authorized Viet Cong forces in South Vietnam to begin a low-level [[insurgency]] in December 1956,<ref name = "Olson Roberts 1991 67">{{Harvnb|Olson|Roberts|1991|p=67}}.{{cnf|date=September 2013}}</ref> whereas some view 26 September 1959 when the first battle occurred between the Viet Cong and the South Vietnamese army, as the start date.<ref name="WarBegan">[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960], The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1, Chapter 5, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), Section 3, pp. 314–46; International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College.</ref>
| group="A"|name="start date"}} – {{End date|df=yes|1975|4|30}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=11|day1=1|year1=1955|month2=04|day2=30|year2=1975}})
| place = [[South Vietnam]], [[North Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]], [[South China Sea]], [[Gulf of Thailand]]
| causes = Reunification of Vietnam (North Vietnam)<br />[[Containment Policy]] and [[Domino Theory]], [[Gulf of Tonkin Incident]] (United States)
| territory = Reunification of North and South Vietnam into the [[Vietnam|Socialist Republic of Vietnam]].
| result = [[North Vietnam]]ese victory
* Withdrawal of [[United States Armed Forces|American-led forces]] from [[Indochina]]
* Communist governments take power in [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam|South Vietnam]], [[Democratic Kampuchea|Cambodia]] and [[Laos]]
* [[Reunification of Vietnam|South Vietnam is annexed by North Vietnam]]
|
| combatant1 =
{{flag|South Vietnam}}<br />
{{flagdeco|United States}} [[Role of the United States in the Vietnam War|United States]]<br />
{{Flag|South Korea|1949}}<br />
{{flag|Thailand}}<br />
{{flag|Australia}}<br />
{{flag|Philippines|1936}}<br />
{{flag|New Zealand}}<br />
{{flag|Khmer Republic}}<br />
{{flag|Kingdom of Laos}}
'''Military support:'''<br />{{flagcountry|Taiwan}}<ref name="Moïse pp. 3-4">{{Harvnb|Moïse|1996|pp=3–4}}.</ref><ref name="ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM">{{cite web |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html |title=Allies of the Republic of Vietnam |accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref><br />
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = Other support
|{{flag|Malaysia}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/747/4/BAB3.pdf |title=Chapter Three: 1957–1969 Early Relations between Malaysia and Vietnam |publisher=[[University of Malaya]] Student Repository |accessdate=17 October 2015 |format=PDF |page=72}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idfr.gov.my/images/stories/publication/2008/tunku.pdf |title=Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Profiles of Malaysia's Foreign Ministers) |publisher=Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR), [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)]] |year=2008 |accessdate=17 October 2015 |isbn=978-9832220268 |format=PDF |page=31 |quote=The Tunku had been personally responsible for Malaya's partisan support of the South Vietnamese regime in its fight against the Vietcong and, in reply to a Parliamentary question on 6 February 1962, he had listed all the used weapons and equipment of the Royal Malaya Police given to Saigon. These included a total of 45,707 single-barrel shotguns, 611 armoured cars and smaller numbers of carbines and pistols. Writing in 1975, he revealed that "we had clandestinely been giving 'aid' to Vietnam since early 1958. Published American archival sources now reveal that the actual Malaysian contributions to the war effort in Vietnam included the following: "over 5,000 Vietnamese officers trained in Malaysia; training of 150 U.S. soldiers in handling Tracker Dogs; a rather impressive list of military equipment and weapons given to Viet-Nam after the end of the Malaysian insurgency (for example, 641 armored personnel carriers, 56,000 shotguns); and a creditable amount of civil assistance (transportation equipment, cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime with arms, equipment and training was regarded by some quarters, especially the Opposition parties, as a form of interfering in the internal affairs of that country and the Tunku's valiant efforts to defend it were not convincing enough, from a purely foreign policy standpoint. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016191310/http://www.idfr.gov.my/images/stories/publication/2008/tunku.pdf |archivedate=16 October 2015 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|{{flagdeco|Spain|1945}} [[Francoist Spain|Spain]]<ref name="ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM"/>
| {{flag|Canada}}<ref name="ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM"/>
| {{flagdeco|Iran|1964}} [[Pahlavi dynasty|Iran]]<ref name="ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM"/>
| {{flag|West Germany}}<ref name="ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM"/>
| {{flag|Brazil|1968}}<ref name="auto">Weil, Thomas E. et. al. ''Area Handbook for Brazil'' (1975), p. 293</ref>
| {{flag|Japan|1870}}<ref name="ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM"/>
}}
|
| combatant2 =
{{flag|North Vietnam}}<br />
{{flagdeco|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Viet Cong]]<br />
{{flagdeco|Cambodia|1975}} [[Khmer Rouge]]<br />
{{flagdeco|Laos}} [[Pathet Lao]]<br />
{{flag|China}}<br />
{{flag|North Korea}}<br /><br />
'''Military support:'''<br />{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}<br />{{flag|Cuba}}<ref>''The Cuban Military Under Castro'', 1989. p. 76</ref><ref>Cuba in the World, 1979. p. 66</ref><br />
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = Other support
| {{flagicon|Czechoslovakia}} [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic|Czechoslovakia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.svet.czsk.net/clanky/svet/koreapokusy.html |title=Cesky a slovensky svet |publisher=Svet.czsk.net |accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-polis.cz/mezinarodni-vztahy/322-bilateralni-vztahy-ceske-republiky-a-vietnamske-socialisticke-republiky.html |title=Bilaterální vztahy České republiky a Vietnamské socialistické republiky | Mezinárodní vztahy | e-Polis – Internetový politologický časopis |publisher=E-polis.cz |accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref>
| {{flagicon|Bulgaria|1967}} [[People's Republic of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0066) |title=Foreign Affairs in the 1960s and 1970s |volume=Bulgaria [[Library of Congress Country Studies|Country Study]] |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |year=1992 |quote=Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Bulgaria gave official military support to many national liberation causes, most notably in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, (North Vietnam)…}}</ref>
| {{flag|East Germany}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/german_studies_review/v036/36.3.horten.pdf |title=Project MUSE – l Sailing in the Shadow of the Vietnam War: The GDR Government and the "Vietnam Bonus" of the Early 1970s |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/stasi-aid-and-the-modernization-the-vietnamese-secret-police|title=Stasi Aid and the Modernization of the Vietnamese Secret Police|date=20 August 2014|publisher=}}</ref>
| {{Flagicon|Romania|1965}} [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Crump|2015|p=183}}</ref>
|{{flag|Polish People's Republic|name=Poland}}<ref name="strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil">{{cite journal |last=Radvanyi |first=Janos |url=http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/parameters/Articles/1980/1980%20radvanyi.pdf |title=Vietnam War Diplomacy: Reflections of a Former Iron Curtain Official |work=Paramaters: Journal of the US Army War College |location=Carlise Barracks, Pennsylvania |volume=10 |issue=3 |year=1980 |pages=8–15 |issn=}}</ref>
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungarian People's Republic|Hungary]]<ref name="strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil"/>| {{flag|Sweden}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historynet.com/why-did-sweeden-support-the-viet-cong.htm |title=Why did Sweden support the Viet Cong? |work=HistoryNet |date=25 July 2013| access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sweden-announces-support-to-viet-cong |title=Sweden announces support to Viet Cong |work=HISTORY.com | access-date=20 July 2016 |quote=In Sweden, Foreign Minister Torsten Nilsson reveals that Sweden has been providing assistance to the Viet Cong, including some $550,000 worth of medical supplies. Similar Swedish aid was to go to Cambodian and Laotian civilians affected by the Indochinese fighting. This support was primarily humanitarian in nature and included no military aid.}}</ref>
}}
| strength1 = '''≈1,420,000 (1968)'''<br />
{{flagu|South Vietnam}}: 850,000 (1968)<br />1,500,000 (1974–75)<ref>Le Gro, p. 28.</ref><br />
{{flagu|United States}}: 543,000 (April 1969)<ref>{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer |title=The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011 |isbn=978-1851099610 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=qh5lffww-KsC&pg=PR45&lpg=PR45&dq=peak+us+strength+vietnam+war#v=onepage&q=peak%20us%20strength%20vietnam%20war&f=false |page=xlv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/mrc/reader/vvmcr.htm |title=Facts about the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Collection |publisher=nps.gov}} (citing The first American ground combat troops landed in [[South Vietnam]] during March 1965, specifically the U.S. Third Marine Regiment, Third Marine Division, deployed to Vietnam from Okinawa to defend the Da Nang, Vietnam, airfield. During the height of U.S. military involvement, 31 December 1968, the breakdown of allied forces were as follows: 536,100 U.S. military personnel, with 30,610 U.S. military having been killed to date; 65,000 Free World Forces personnel; 820,000 South Vietnam Armed Forces (SVNAF) with 88,343 having been killed to date. At the war's end, there were approximately 2,200 U.S. missing in action (MIA) and prisoners of war (POW). Source: Harry G. Summers Jr. Vietnam War Almanac, Facts on File Publishing, 1985.)</ref><br />{{flagu|South Korea|1949}}: 50,003<br />{{flagu|Thailand}}: 11,570<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-08-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802134052/http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |archivedate=2 August 2016 |df=dmy-all }}, accessed 7 Nov 2017</ref><br />{{flagu|Australia}}: 7,672<br />{{flagu|Philippines|1936}}: 2,061<br />{{flagu|New Zealand}}: 552<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=4VG4AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=troops+both+sides+in+vietnam+war#v=onepage&q=troops%20both%20sides%20in%20vietnam%20war&f=false |title=The A to Z of the Vietnam War |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |date=2005 |isbn=978-1461719038}}</ref>
|
| strength2 = '''≈860,000''' (1967)<br />
{{flagu|North Vietnam}}: 690,000 (January 1967, included NVA and Viet Cong)<ref>Victory in Vietnam: The Official History of the People's Army of Vietnam, 1954–1975. Translated by Merle Pribbenow, Lawerence KS: University of Kansas Press, 2002, p. 211: "By the end of 1966 the total strength of our armed forces was 690,000 soldiers.”. According to Hanoi's official history, the Viet Cong was a branch of the People's Army of Vietnam.</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Republic of South Vietnam}} Viet Cong: 200,000 (estimated, 1968)<ref>Doyle, '''The North''', pp. 45–49</ref><ref name="AtoZ"/><br />{{flagu|China|1949}}: 170,000 (1967)<ref name="Toledo Blade 320,000 Chinese troops">{{cite news |agency=Reuters |title=China admits 320,000 troops fought in Vietnam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19890516&id=HkRPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_gIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3769,1925460 |accessdate=24 December 2013 |newspaper=Toledo Blade |date=16 May 1989}}</ref><ref name="Roy|1998">{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Denny |title=China's Foreign Relations |year=1998 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0847690138 |page=27}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com.vn">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=GaZvX2BzeegC&pg=PA176 |title=China and Vietnam |publisher= |isbn=978-0521618342 |author1=Womack |first1=Brantly |date=2006-02-13}}</ref><br />{{flagu|North Korea|1948}}: 200<ref>{{cite web |author=Pham Thi Thu Thuy |url=https://www.nknews.org/2013/08/the-colorful-history-of-north-korea-vietnam-relations/ |title=The colorful history of North Korea-Vietnam relations |date=1 August 2013 |accessdate=3 October 2016 |publisher=NK News}}</ref>
|
| commander1 = {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Ngô Đình Diệm]] [[Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem|†]] <br />{{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]]<br />{{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Cao Kỳ]]<br />{{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Cao Văn Viên]]<br /> {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Ngô Quang Trưởng]]<br /> {{flagicon|US|1960}} [[John F. Kennedy]]<br />{{flagicon|US|1960}} [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] <br />{{flagicon|US|1960}} [[Richard Nixon]]<br /> {{flagicon|US|1960}} [[Gerald Ford]]<br />{{flagicon|US|1960}} [[Robert McNamara]]<br /> {{flagicon|US|1960}} [[William Westmoreland]]<br />{{flagicon|US|1960}} [[Creighton Abrams]]<br />{{flagicon|US|1960}} [[Frederick C. Weyand]]<br />{{flagicon|South Korea|1949}} [[Park Chung-hee]]<br />{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thanom Kittikachorn]]<br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Robert Menzies]]<br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Harold Holt]]<br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[John McEwen]]<br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[John Gorton]]<br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[William McMahon]]<br /> {{flagicon|PHI|1936}} [[Ferdinand Marcos]]<br /> {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Keith Holyoake]]<br />{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jack Marshall]]<br />{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Norman Kirk]]<br />{{flagicon|ROC}} [[Chiang Kai-Shek]]<br />[[Leaders of the Vietnam War|…''and others'']]
|
| commander2 = {{flagicon|North Vietnam}} [[Ho Chi Minh]]<br />{{flagicon|North Vietnam}} [[Lê Duẩn]] <br />{{flagicon|North Vietnam}} [[Võ Nguyên Giáp]]<br /> {{flagicon|North Vietnam}} [[Văn Tiến Dũng]] <br />{{flagicon|North Vietnam}} [[Lê Trọng Tấn]]<br /> {{flagicon|North Vietnam}} [[Phạm Văn Đồng]] <br />{{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Hoàng Văn Thái]] <br />{{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Trần Văn Trà]]<br />{{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Văn Linh]]<br />{{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]] <br /> <br />[[Leaders of the Vietnam War|…''and others'']]
|
| casualties1 = '''{{flagu|South Vietnam}}'''<br />195,000–430,000 civilian dead<ref name="Hirschman"/><ref name = "Lewy 1978 450_453">{{Harvnb|Lewy|1978|pp=450–53}}.</ref><ref name="Thayer 1">{{Harvnb|Thayer|1985|loc=chap. 12}}.</ref><br />254,256<ref>Clarke, Jeffrey J. (1988), ''United States Army in Vietnam: Advice and Support: The Final Years, 1965–1973'', Washington, D.C: Center of Military History, United States Army, p. 275: "The Army of the Republic of Vietnam suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths"</ref>–313,000 military dead<ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997>{{citation |last=Rummel |first=R.J |year=1997 |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF |format=GIF |title=Table 6.1A. Vietnam Democide : Estimates, Sources, and Calculations, |work=Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War, University of Hawaii System}}</ref><br /> 1,170,000 wounded<ref name="ReferenceA">Tucker, Spencer E. ''The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History'' ABC-CLIO. {{ISBN|1851099611}}</ref><br />
'''{{flagu|United States|1960}}'''<br />58,220 dead;<ref>{{cite web|title=America's Wars Fact Sheet|url=https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf|accessdate=29 November 2017}}</ref> 303,644 wounded (including 150,341 not requiring hospital care){{refn|The figures of 58,220 and 303,644 for U.S. deaths and wounded come from the Department of Defense Statistical Information Analysis Division (SIAD), Defense Manpower Data Center, as well as from a Department of Veterans fact sheet dated May 2010; the total is 153,303 WIA excluding 150,341 persons not requiring hospital care<ref>{{cite report |title=America's Wars |url=http://www1.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |publisher=Department of Veterans Affairs |date=May 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124020810/http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |archivedate=24 January 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> the CRS ([[Congressional Research Service]]) Report for Congress, American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics, dated 26 February 2010,<ref>{{cite report |date=26 February 2010 |title=American War and Military Operations: Casualties: Lists and Statistics |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |author1=Anne Leland |author2=Mari–Jana "M-J" Oboroceanu |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> and the book Crucible Vietnam: Memoir of an Infantry Lieutenant.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lawrence|2009|pp=65, 107, 154, 217}}</ref> Some other sources give different figures (e.g. the 2005/2006 documentary ''Heart of Darkness: The Vietnam War Chronicles 1945–1975'' cited elsewhere in this article gives a figure of 58,159 U.S. deaths,<ref name="aaron">{{cite video |people=Aaron Ulrich (editor); Edward FeuerHerd (producer and director) (2005, 2006) |url=https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Darkness-Vietnam-Chronicles-1945-1975/dp/B000GDIBT8 |title=Heart of Darkness: The Vietnam War Chronicles 1945–1975 |format=Box set, Color, Dolby, DVD-Video, Full Screen, NTSC, Dolby, Vision Software |medium=Documentary |publisher=Koch Vision |time=321 minutes |isbn=1417229209}}</ref> and the 2007 book ''Vietnam Sons'' gives a figure of 58,226)<ref>Kueter, Dale. ''Vietnam Sons: For Some, the War Never Ended.'' AuthorHouse (21 March 2007). {{ISBN|978-1425969318}}</ref>|name=USd&w|group=A}}<br />
'''{{flagu|South Korea|1949}}'''<br />5,099 dead; 10,962 wounded; 4 missing<br />
'''{{flagu|Australia}}'''<br />521 dead; 3,129 wounded<br /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/vietnam/statistics.asp |title=Australian casualties in the Vietnam War, 1962–72 | Australian War Memorial |publisher=Awm.gov.au |accessdate=29 June 2013}}</ref><br />
'''{{flagu|Thailand}}'''<br />351 dead; 1,358 wounded<ref>The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History
By Spencer C. Tucker "https://books.google.com/?id=qh5lffww-KsC"</ref><br />
'''{{flagu|New Zealand}}'''<br />37 dead; 187 wounded<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources |title=Overview of the war in Vietnam | VietnamWar.govt.nz, New Zealand and the Vietnam War |publisher=Vietnamwar.govt.nz |date=16 July 1965 |accessdate=29 June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726010609/http://vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources |archivedate=26 July 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
'''{{flagu|Taiwan}}'''<br />25 dead;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/10/02/the-international-vietnam-war-the-other-world-powers-that-fought-in-south-east-asia/ |title=America Wasn’t the Only Foreign Power in the Vietnam War |accessdate=10 June 2017 }}</ref><br />
'''{{flagu|Philippines|1936}}'''<br />9 dead;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/Vietnam/allied/ch03.htm |title=Chapter III: The Philippines |publisher=History.army.mil |accessdate=24 February 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203725/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Vietnam/allied/ch03.htm |archivedate=29 October 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> 64 wounded<ref>{{cite web |url=http://175thengineers.homestead.com/Philcav.pdf |title=Asian Allies in Vietnam |publisher=Embassy of South Vietnam |date=March 1970 |accessdate=18 October 2015}}</ref>
'''Total military dead: 318,568–377,311'''<br />'''Total wounded: ≈1,340,000+<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br />'''
|
| casualties2 = {{flagdeco|North Vietnam}}{{flagdeco|Republic of South Vietnam}} '''North Vietnam & Viet Cong'''<br />65,000 civilian dead<ref name="Lewy 1978 450_453"/><br /> 849,018 military dead<ref>{{cite web|url=http://datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Qu%E1%BA%A3n%20l%C3%BD%20ch%E1%BB%89%20%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o/Chuy%C3%AAn%20%C4%91%E1%BB%81%204.doc|title=Chuyên đề 4 CÔNG TÁC TÌM KIẾM, QUY TẬP HÀI CỐT LIỆT SĨ TỪ NAY ĐẾN NĂM 2020 VÀ NHỮNG NĂM TIẾP THEO, datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Quản%20lý%20chỉ%20đạo/Chuyên%20đề%204.doc|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="AP">Associated Press, 3 April 1995, "Vietnam Says 1.1 Million Died Fighting For North."</ref><br /> 600,000+ wounded<ref>Soames, John. ''A History of the World'', Routledge, 2005.</ref><br />
'''{{flagu|China|1949}}'''<br />≈1,100 dead and 4,200 wounded<ref name="books.google.com.vn"/><br />
'''{{flagu|North Korea|1948}}'''<br />14 dead<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/696970.stm |title=North Korea fought in Vietnam War |publisher=BBC News |date=31 March 2000 |accessdate=18 October 2015}}</ref>
'''Total military dead: 850,132+'''<br />'''Total wounded: ≈604,200'''
|
| casualties3 =
'''Vietnamese civilian dead''': 627,000–2,000,000<ref name="Lewy 1978 450_453" /><ref name="afp1995">{{cite news |title=20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate |first=Philip |last=Shenon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |date=23 April 1995 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 February 2011}} The Vietnamese government officially claimed a rough estimate of 2 million civilian deaths, but it did not divide these deaths between those of North and South Vietnam.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=fifty years of violent war deaths: data analysis from the world health survey program: BMJ |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/336/7659/1482 |date=23 April 2008 |accessdate=5 January 2013}} From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths … 3.8 million in Vietnam</ref><br />
'''Vietnamese total dead''': 966,000<ref name="Hirschman" />–3,091,000<ref name="Obermeyer 2008">{{Harvnb|Obermeyer|Murray|Gakidou|2008}}.</ref><br />
'''Cambodian Civil War dead''': 240,000–300,000*<ref name="Heuveline, Patrick 2001"/><ref name="Banister, Judith 1993"/><ref name = "Sliwinski 1995 42,48+comment"/><br />
'''Laotian Civil War dead''': 20,000–62,000*<br />
'''Non-Indochinese military dead (sum)''': 65,425<br />
'''Total dead (sum)''': 1,291,425–4,211,451<br />
For more information see [[Vietnam War casualties]] and [[Aircraft losses of the Vietnam War]]<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki> indicates approximations
}}
'''වියට්නාම් යුද්ධය''' ([[වියට්නාම් භාෂාව|වියට්නාම්]]: චියෙං චං වියට් නාම්), '''දෙවන ඉන්දුචින යුද්ධය''', '''ඇමෙරිකාවට එරෙහි ප්රතිරෝධී යුද්ධය''' හෝ සරලව ඇමෙරිකානු යුද්ධය ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන්නේ [[සීතල යුද්ධය]]-යුගය තුල, 1955 නොවැම්බර් 1 වන දින සිට{{#tag:ref|Due to the early presence of American troops in Vietnam the start date of the Vietnam War is a grey zone. In 1998 after a high level review by the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense (DoD)]] and through the efforts of [[Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr.|Richard B. Fitzgibbon]]'s family the start date of the Vietnam War was changed to 1 November 1955.<ref name="DoD p. ">{{harvnb|DoD|1998|p=}}</ref> U.S. government reports currently cite 1 November 1955 as the commencement date of the "Vietnam Conflict," for this was the day when the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) in Indochina (deployed to Southeast Asia under President Truman) was reorganized into country-specific units and MAAG Vietnam was established.<ref name="Lawrence p. 20">{{harvnb|Lawrence|2009|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&pg=PA20 20]}}</ref>
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