"අැමරිකානු මනෝවිද්‍යාඥයන්ගේ සංගමය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

== Drugඖෂධ company tiesසමාගම් ==

Inරොබට් hisවිටැකර් bookවිසින් 2010 දී රචිත ''Anatomy of an Epidemic'' (2010), Robert Whitaker described theග්‍රන්තයෙන් partnership1980 thatසිට has developedඖෂධ betweenසමාගම් theහා APAඇමරිකානු andමනෝ pharmaceuticalවිද්‍යාඥයන්ගේ companiesසංගමය sinceඅතරඇති theසම්බන්ධතාවය 1980sවිස්තරකරයි.<ref name="Anatomy">{{Cite book|author=Whitaker, Robert|title=Anatomy of an Epidemic|pages=276–278|year=2010|publisher=Random House (Crown)|isbn=978-0-307-45241-2|ISBN=978-0-307-45241-2}}</ref> APAඇමරිකානු hasමනොවිද්‍යඥයන්ගේ comeසංගමයට toඅරමුදල් dependසැපයෙන්නේ onමෙම pharmaceuticalඖෂධ money.සමාගම් මගිනි<ref name="Anatomy">{{Cite book|author=Whitaker, Robert|title=Anatomy of an Epidemic|pages=276–278|year=2010|publisher=Random House (Crown)|isbn=978-0-307-45241-2|ISBN=978-0-307-45241-2}}</ref> Theඖෂධ drugසමාගම් companiesවිසින් endowedඇරිමකානු continuingමනෝ educationවිද්‍යාඥයන්ගේ andසංගමයට psychiatricනව "grandසොයාගැනීම් rounds"සිදු atකිරීමට hospitals.මනෝ Theyවිද්‍යා fundedදැනුම aබෙදාහැරීමට Politicalදේශපාලන Action Committee (PAC)බලඅධිකාරියේ inසහය 1982ලබා toගැනීමට lobbyසහාය Congressදක්වයි.<ref name="Anatomy">{{Cite book|author=Whitaker, Robert|title=Anatomy of an Epidemic|pages=276–278|year=2010|publisher=Random House (Crown)|isbn=978-0-307-45241-2|ISBN=978-0-307-45241-2}}</ref> Theඑසේම industryමාධ්‍ය helped to pay for the APA'sආවරණයන් mediaසදහාද trainingසහාය workshopsදෙයි.<ref name="Anatomy">{{Cite book|author=Whitaker, Robert|title=Anatomy of an Epidemic|pages=276–278|year=2010|publisher=Random House (Crown)|isbn=978-0-307-45241-2|ISBN=978-0-307-45241-2}}</ref> It was able to turn psychiatrists at top schools into speakers, and although the doctors felt they were independents, they rehearsed their speeches and likely would not be invited back if they discussed drug side effects.<ref name="Anatomy">{{Cite book|author=Whitaker, Robert|title=Anatomy of an Epidemic|pages=276–278|year=2010|publisher=Random House (Crown)|isbn=978-0-307-45241-2|ISBN=978-0-307-45241-2}}</ref> "Thought leaders" became the experts quoted in the media.<ref name="Anatomy">{{Cite book|author=Whitaker, Robert|title=Anatomy of an Epidemic|pages=276–278|year=2010|publisher=Random House (Crown)|isbn=978-0-307-45241-2|ISBN=978-0-307-45241-2}}</ref> As Marcia Angell wrote in ''The New England Journal of Medicine'' (2000), "thought leaders" could agree to be listed as an author of ghostwritten articles,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Angell, Marcia|title=Is Academic Medicine for Sale?|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|date=May 18, 2000|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200005183422009|issue=342|pages=1516–1518|doi=10.1056/NEJM200005183422009|DOI=10.1056/NEJM200005183422009|volume=342}}</ref> and she cites Thomas Bodenheimer and David Rothman who describe the extent of the drug industry's involvement with doctors.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bodenheimer, Thomas|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|title=Uneasy Alliance: Clinical Investigators and the Pharmaceutical Industry|date=May 18, 2000|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200005183422024|access-date=October 4, 2010|accessdate=October 4, 2010|doi=10.1056/NEJM200005183422024|DOI=10.1056/NEJM200005183422024|volume=342|pages=1539–1544}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rothman, David|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|title=Medical Professionalism — Focusing on the Real Issues|date=April 27, 2000|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200004273421711|access-date=October 4, 2010|accessdate=October 4, 2010|doi=10.1056/NEJM200004273421711|DOI=10.1056/NEJM200004273421711|volume=342|pages=1284–1286}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' published a summary about antipsychotic medications in October 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Wilson, Duff|title=Side Effects May Include Lawsuits|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/business/03psych.html|date=October 2, 2010|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=October 10, 2010|access-date=October 10, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425033212/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/business/03psych.html|archivedate=April 25, 2011<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>