After returning to Ceylon, Dudley was elected a member of the [[State Council of Ceylon|State Council]] while his father was Minister of Agriculture and served as a back-bencher for 10 years. He succeeding his father as Minister of Agriculture in 1946 and held the post after Independence. He was still serving as agriculture minister when his father died unexpectedly. Four days later, on 26 March 1952, to the surprise of many, Dudley was chosen as prime minister by the [[Governor-General of Ceylon|Governor-General]] [[Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury|Lord Soulbury]] over his cousin [[Sir]] [[John Kotelawala]].
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He called a general election, which the UNP won. The government became unpopular a year later, in 1953, when the price of rice was raised and subsidies were cut. Though the UNP remained in power, Senanayake resigned as prime minister during the [[Hartal 1953]] and left politics.
He returned to politics in 1957 when the UNP lost elections. In March 1960, the UNP managed to form a government after elections and Senanayake became prime minister again, but the coalition fragmented and Dudley resigned as prime minister after only four months in office after new elections were held in which the UNP won less seats. He became the [[Leader of the Opposition (Sri Lanka)|leader of the opposition]] and help force early elections in 1965 by persuading 14 supporters of Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] to defect.
Senanayake served his longest term as prime minister from March 1965 to May 1970. His government originally consisted of six other parties and included both [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Sinhalese language|Sinhalese]] nationalists. His government has been credited with restoring the Sri Lankan economy. He and his allies were defeated in the 1970 elections. He remained active in politics until his death, which occurred after a long illness on 13 April 1973.
