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[[ගොනුව:Int-mother-lang-day-monument.jpg|right|thumb|International Mother Language Day Monument in Sydney, Australia, unveiling ceremony, 19 February 2006]]▼
{{අනාථ ලිපිය|date=ජූනි 2013}}
{{සැකිල්ල:පරිවර්ථනය කළ යුතු}}
මවු බස හෙවත් මුල් බස (සංඛේතය - L1)) (english = first language / mother tongue / native language / arterial language) is the language a human being learns from birth.<ref>Bloomfield, Leonard. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Gfrd-On5iFwC&dq Language] ISBN 81-208-1196-8</ref> A person's first language is a basis for [[sociolinguistic]] [[identity]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=JeTwQB5doD4C&dq The Native Speaker: Myth and Reality By Alan Davies] ISBN 1-85359-622-1 {{pn}}</ref>▼
 
== සබැඳි වචන ==
{{Copyedit|date=December 2008}}
The usage of these terms is far from standardized, however.
 
Sometimes the term ''first language'' is used for the language that the speaker speaks best (his [[second language]] then being the language he speaks less well than his first language, etc).
 
Sometimes the terms ''first language'', ''second language'' and ''third language'' are used to indicate various levels of skill in a language, so that it can be said that a person knows more than one language at first or second language level.
 
Sometimes the term ''native language'' is used to indicate a language that a person is as proficient in as a native inhabitant of that language's base country, or as proficient as the average person who speaks no other language but that language.
 
Sometimes the term ''mother tongue'' or ''mother language'' is used for the language that a person learnt at home (usually from his parents). Children growing up in bilingual homes can according to this definition have more than one mother tongue.
 
In the context of population censuses conducted on the Canadian population, [[Statistics Canada]] defines ''mother tongue'' as "the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Reference/dict/pop082.htm |title=mother tongue|work=2001 census |accessdate=2008-08-25}} {{Verify credibility|date=August 2008}}</ref>
It is quite possible that the first language learned is no longer a speaker's dominant language. Young immigrant children, whose families have moved to a new linguistic environment may lose, in part or in totality, the language they first [[Language acquisition|acquired]] (see [[language attrition]]).
 
 
=== මවු බස ===
 
The term "mother tongue" should not be interpreted to mean that it is the language of one's mother. In some paternal societies, the wife moves in with the husband and thus may have a different first language, or dialect, than the local language of the husband. Yet their children usually only speak their local language. Only a few will learn to speak their mothers' languages like natives. ''Mother'' in this context probably originated from the definition of mother as ''source'', or ''origin''; as in ''mother-country'' or ''-land''.{{Fact|date=February 2008}}
 
In some countries such as [[Kenya]] and [[India]], "mother tongue" is used to indicate the language of one's [[ethnic group]] (ethnic tongue), in both common and journalistic parlance (e.g. 'I have no apologies for not learning my mother tongue', rather than one's first language. A similar usage of the term was employed in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] in the early-to-mid twentieth century, with [[Irish Language|Irish]] being referred to as the "mother tongue" of all [[Irish people]], even of those whose first language was [[English language|English]]. Also in [[Singapore]], "mother tongue" refers to the language of one's [[ethnic group]] regardless of actual proficiency, while the "first language" refers to the English language, which is the [[lingua franca]] for most post-independence Singaporeans due to its use as the language of instruction in government schools and as a working language despite it not being a native tongue for most Singaporeans.
 
▲[[ගොනුව:Int-mother-lang-day-monument.jpg|right|thumb|International Mother Language Day Monument in Sydney, Australia, unveiling ceremony, 19 February 2006]]
[[J. R. R. Tolkien]] in his 1955 lecture ''[[English and Welsh]]'' distinguishes the "native tongue" from the "cradle tongue", the latter being the language one happens to learn during early childhood, while one's true "native tongue" may be different, possibly determined by an [[genetic memory|inherited linguistic taste]], and may later in life be discovered by a strong emotional affinity to a specific dialect (Tolkien personally confessed to such an affinity to the [[Middle English]] of the [[West Midlands (region)|West Midlands]] in particular).
 
[[21 February]] has been proclaimed the [[International Mother Language Day]] by UNESCO on [[17 November]] [[1999]].
 
== On multilinguality ==
 
One can have two or more native languages, thus being a native [[bilingual]] or indeed ''[[Multilingualism|multilingual]]''. The order in which these languages are learned is not necessarily the order of proficiency. For instance, a [[French language|French]]-speaking couple might have a daughter who learned French first, then [[English language|English]]; but if she were to grow up in an English speaking country, she would likely be proficient in English.
 
The Brazilian linguist [[Cleo Altenhofen]] considers the denomination "mother tongue" in its general usage to be imprecise and subject to various interpretations that are biased linguistically, especially with respect to bilingual children from ethnic minority groups. He cites his own experience as a bilingual speaker of [[Portuguese language]] and [[Riograndenser Hunsrückisch]], a German-rooted language brought to [[southern Brazil]] by the first German immigrants. In his case, like that of many children whose [[home language]] differs from the language of the environment (the 'official' language), it is debatable which language is his 'mother tongue'. Many scholars gave definitions of 'mother tongue' through the years based on common usage, the emotional relation of the speaker towards the language, and even its dominance in relation to the environment. However, all of these criteria lack precision.
 
== Definitions ==
 
▲මවු බස හෙවත් මුල් බස (සංඛේතය - L1)) (english = first language / mother tongue / native language / arterial language) is the language a human being learns from birth.<ref>Bloomfield, Leonard. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Gfrd-On5iFwC&dq Language] ISBN 81-208-1196-8</ref> A person's first language is a basis for [[sociolinguistic]] [[identity]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=JeTwQB5doD4C&dq The Native Speaker: Myth and Reality By Alan Davies] ISBN 1-85359-622-1 {{pn}}</ref>
* Definition based on origin: the language(s) one learned first (the language(s) in which one has established the first long-lasting verbal contacts).
* Definition based on internal identification: the language(s) one identifies with/as a native speaker of;
* Definition based on external identification: the language(s) one is identified with/as a native speaker of, by others.
* Definition based on competence: the language(s) one knows best.
* Definition based on function: the language(s) one uses most.
 
== See also ==
* [[Child Of Deaf Adult]]
* [[Human speechome project]] at MIT
* [[Third Culture Kids]]
 
== References ==
"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/මවු_බස" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි