"ක්‍රිකට්" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්
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4 පේළිය:
වෘත්තීමය ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රිඩාවේ පරාසය පන්දු වාර 20 සිට දින පහක් පැවැත්වෙන ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් දක්වා දිවයයි. එක් පන්දු වාරයකට පන්දු 6ක් යැවිය යුතුය. ක්‍රිකට් නීති පවත්ගෙන යනු ලබන්නේ ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් කවුන්සිලය(අයි.සී.සී.) හා මැරිලෙබොන් ක්‍රිකට් සමාජය(එම්.සී.සී.) ටෙස්ට් හා එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර තරග සදහා අමතර සම්මත ක්‍රිඩා තත්වයන් සමගය. <br >
ක්‍රිකට් මුලින්ම ක්‍රිඩා කර තිබෙනුයෙ දකුණු දිග එන්ගලන්තයේ 16වන සියවසෙ දීය. 18වන සියවස අවසාන භාගයෙදී එය එන්ගලන්තයේ ජාතික්‍රිඩාව දක්වා දියුනු විය. ඉංග්‍රිසි ආධිපත්‍යය පැතිරීම ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රිඩාව පිට රටවලට පැතිරීමට හෙතු වූ අතර 19වන සියවස මැද භාගය වන විට මුල්ම ජාත්‍යන්තර තරග පැවැත්වුනි. අයි.සී.සී.ය තරග හැසිරවීම් මණ්ඩලය පූර්ණ සාමාජිකයන් 10 දෙකුගෙන් යුක්ත වේ. මෙම තරග බොහො ජනප්‍රිය ඕස්ට්‍රෙලියාව, එන්ගලන්තය, ඉන්දීය උප මහද්වීපය, බටහිර ඉන්දීය කොදෙව් හා දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව යන රටවල් වලය.
[[File:Ntini bowls.JPG|thumb|right|250px|දකුණු අප්‍රිකානු පන්දු යවන්නෙක් ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු පිතිකරුවෙකුට පන්දු යවන අයුරු]]
[[File:Lords test match.jpg|right|thumb|250px| Note wicket-keeper on left. England vs New Zealand at Lords, the home of cricketසටහන: වම් පස කඩුලු රකින්නා. එංගලන්තය හා නවසීලන්තය අතර තරගයක් .]]
[[File:StateLibQld 1 233104 Autographed photograph of the English batsmen, Jack Hobbs and Herbert Sutcliffe, 1928.jpg|right|thumb|190px| ජැක් හොබ්ස් සහ සුට්‌ක්ලිෆ් 1928 දී [[බ්‍රිස්බේන්]]හිදී ඔස්ට්‍රේලියාවට එරෙහිව පිතිකරණයට පැමිණෙන අයුරු.]]
[[File:Ranjitsinh.jpeg|thumb|right|190px|Ranji (Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji, Maharaja Jam Sahib of Nawanagar) was the first great [[Indian Empire|Indian]] player. He played for England 1896–1902, and was an officer in the [[British Army]] in [[World War I]].]]
[[File:Donald Bradman australian cricket player pic.JPG|thumb|right|190px|The great [[Don Bradman]] (Australia) in practice, 1930s/1940s. His batting average is the all time best.]]
'''Cricket''' is a sport. It is played between two teams of eleven players each who score runs (points) by running between two sets of three small, wooden posts called [[wicket]]s.
Each of the wickets is at one end of a rectangle of flattened grass called the pitch. Around the pitch is a much larger oval of grass called the cricket ground.<ref name=MCC>[http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/ MCC – the official Laws of Cricket] Retrieved 25 July 2009</ref>
The game started in [[England]] in the 16th century. The earliest definite reference to the sport is in a [[court]] case of 1598.<ref name="FLTL">[http://web.archive.org/web/20110629140053/http://www.jl.sl.btinternet.co.uk/stampsite/cricket/ladstolords/1300.html#1597John Leach, ''From lads to Lord's'']</ref> The court in [[Guildford]] heard a [[coroner]], John Derrick, that when he was a scholar at the "Free School at Guildford", fifty years earlier, "hee and diverse of his fellows did runne and play [on the common land] at creckett and other plaies".<ref>Underdown, David 2000. ''Start of play''. Allen Lane, p.3</ref><ref name=HSA>Altham H.S. 1962. ''A history of cricket'', vol 1, George Allen & Unwin, p.21</ref> Later, the game spread to countries of the [[British Empire]] in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Today, it is a popular sport in England, [[Australia]], the [[Indian subcontinent]] ([[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Bangladesh]]), [[South Africa]], [[New Zealand]], the [[West Indies]] and a few other countries.
==The main rules of cricket==
These are the rules.<ref name=MCC/> There are two teams: the team bowling has 11 players on the field. The team batting always has two players on the field.
The captain of the bowling team chooses a bowler from his team; the other 10 players are called fielders. The bowler is trying to aim the ball at a [[wicket]], which is made up of three sticks (called stumps) stuck into the earth, with two small sticks (called bails) balanced on them. One of the fielders, called the wicket keeper, stands behind the wicket to catch the ball if the bowler misses the wicket. The other fielders chase the ball after the batsman has hit it.
The bowler runs towards his wicket, and bowls towards the batsman at the other wicket. He does ''not'' throw the ball. He bowls the ball overarm with a straight arm. An 'over' is six balls meaning he bowls six times. Then another player becomes the bowler for the next over, and bowls from the other end, and so on. The same bowler cannot bowl two overs one after the other.
The batsman is trying to defend the wicket from getting hit with the ball. He does this with a bat. When he hits the ball with his bat, he may run toward the other wicket. To score a run, the two batsmen must both run from their wicket to the other wicket, as many times as they can. If the ball leaves the field after being hit without bouncing, six runs are scored. If the ball rolls or bounces out, whether or not the batter hit it, it counts as four runs.
There are different ways that a batsman can get out. The most common ways are:
* The batsman misses the ball and it hits the wicket: called ''bowled''.
* The ball hits the batsman's body when it would have hit the wicket otherwise. Called ''LBW'' (''leg before wicket''). The way this rule is applied is complicated; this is just the general idea.
* A fielder catches the ball after the batsman hits it, and before it bounces or leaves the field: called ''caught''.
* While the batsmen are running, a fielder can throw the ball at the wicket. If the batsmen cannot finish the run, the batsman nearer to the wicket that is hit is out: called ''run out''.
When a batsman is out, another comes onto the field to take his place. The innings is over when ten wickets are taken (i.e. ten of the eleven batsmen are out).
In a one-day game, each side has one innings, and innings are limited to a certain number of overs. In longer formats each side has two innings, and there is no specific limit to the number of overs in an innings.
== Where cricket is played ==
Cricket is popular in many countries, mostly in [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries.
The countries where cricket is most popular compete in international matches (games between countries) that last up to 5 days, which are called ''[[test matche]]s''. Those countries are England, Australia, West Indies, South Africa, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The West Indies are a group of [[Caribbean]] countries that play together as a team. Several other countries have more junior status. The test match idea was invented by teams from England and Australia in the 19th century.
Cricket is also played in [[Kenya]], [[Canada]], [[Bermuda]], [[Ireland]], [[Scotland]], [[Holland]]; the national teams of those countries can play one-day international matches, but do not play test matches. [[Zimbabwe]] does not play international cricket at present. Pakistan is not able to play international cricket at home at present (for security reasons). [[Afghanistan]] is a new entrant in the cricket world.
{| style="float:right;"
|-
|[[Image:cricket field parts.svg|right|thumb|200px|A standard cricket ground, showing the [[cricket pitch]] (brown), close-infield (light green) within 15 yards (13.7 m) of the striking [[batsman]], infield (medium green) inside the white 30 yard (27.4 m) circle, and outfield (dark green), with sight screens beyond the boundary at either end.]]
|-
|[[Image:Cricket - Wickets.svg|right|thumb|200px|A perspective view of the [[cricket pitch]] from the [[bowler (cricket)|bowler's]] end. The bowler runs in past one side of the wicket at the bowler's end, either 'over' the wicket or 'round' the wicket.]]
|-
| [[Image:Cricket pitch.svg|right|thumb|200px|The Cricket pitch dimensions]]
|}
== The field ==
A cricket field is where cricket is played. It is [[circle|circular]] or [[oval]]-shaped [[Lawn|grassy]] ground. There are no fixed dimensions for the field. Its [[diameter]] usually varies between 450 feet (137 m) to 500 feet (150 m).
== Different forms of cricket ==
=== Test matches ===
Test matches are the top international matches played between countries. The countries permitted to play test matches are accredited by the ICC: the International Cricket Council. The nine countries are listed above, with 'West Indies' counting for this purpose as a country. Tests last for five days.
=== National league systems ===
Called counties in England, and states in Australia and islands in the West Indies. These are three or four day matches.
=== Limited overs cricket ===
In these games, the length is determined by the number of overs, and each side has one innings only. A special formula, known as the 'Duckworth–Lewis method' is applied if rain reduces the time for play. It calculates the target score for the team batting second in a limited overs match interrupted by weather or other circumstance.
==== One day internationals ====
Usually restricted to 50 overs batting for each side.
==== Twenty20 cricket ====
20 overs for each side.
== Averages ==
In cricket there are two special kinds of [[average]], used to measure how good a player is:
* A [[batsman]]'s '''batting average''' is the number of [[run (cricket)|runs]] he has scored in a period (such as a year or his whole career), divided by the number of times he was got out in the same period. A good batsman has a high batting average.
* A [[bowler]]'s '''bowling average''' is the number of runs that have been scored while he was bowling, in a period, divided by the number of batsmen he has got out in the same period. A good bowler has a low bowling average.
There is a separate set of averages for each type of cricket listed above.
== Related pages ==
* [[List of cricket terms]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}} <references/>
== Other websites ==
* [http://www.dangermouse.net/cricket/ Explanation of cricket]
* [http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ABOUT_CRICKET/EXPLANATION/CRICKET_EXPLAINED_AMERICAN.html Cricket explained (an American viewpoint)]
* [http://www.cricinfo.com Cricinfo]
* [http://www.icc-cricket.com/ International Cricket Council]
[[Category:Cricket| ]]
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