"ව්‍යාප්ත වසංගත" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

* [[Black Death]], started 1300s. The total number of deaths worldwide is estimated at 75 million people.<ref>[http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/English/News/Archive/News08/blackdeathcemetery.htm New MOL Archaeology monograph: Black Death cemetery]. ''Archaeology at the Museum of London.''</ref> Eight hundred years after the last outbreak, the [[plague (disease)|plague]] returned to [[Europe]]. Starting in [[Asiaආසියාව]], the disease reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in the [[Crimea]]), and killed an estimated 20 to 30 million Europeans in six years;<ref>[http://www.medhunters.com/articles/deathOnAGrandScale.html Death on a Grand Scale]. ''MedHunters.''</ref> a third of the total population,<ref>Stéphane Barry and Norbert Gualde, in ''[[L'Histoire]]'' n° 310, June 2006, pp.45–46, say "between one-third and two-thirds"; Robert Gottfried (1983). "Black Death" in ''[[Dictionary of the Middle Ages]]'', volume 2, pp.257–67, says "between 25 and 45&nbsp;percent".</ref> and up to a half in the worst-affected urban areas.<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Plague Plague - LoveToKnow 1911]. 1911encyclopedia.org.</ref> It was the first of a cycle of European [[List of historical plagues|plague epidemics]] that continued until the 18th century.<ref>[http://urbanrim.org.uk/plague%20list.htm "A List of National Epidemics of Plague in England 1348-1665"]</ref> During this period, more than 100 plague epidemics swept across Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/may/16/health.books |title=Black Death blamed on man, not rats &#124; UK news &#124; The Observer |publisher=The Observer |author=Jo Revill |date= |accessdate=2008-11-03}}</ref> In England, for example, epidemics would continue in 2- to 5-year cycles from 1361 to 1480.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history_plague.shtm |title=Texas Department of State Health Services, History of Plague |publisher=Dshs.state.tx.us |date= |accessdate=2008-11-03}}</ref> By the 1370s, England's population was reduced by 50%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/black_09.shtml |title=BBC{{–}} History{{–}} Black Death |publisher=bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2008-11-03}}</ref> The [[Great Plague of London]] of 1665–66 was the last major outbreak of the [[Black Death in England|plague in England]]. The disease killed an estimated 100,000 people, 20% of London's population.<ref>[http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/plague.html The Great Plague of London, 1665]. ''The Harvard University Library, Open Collections Program: Contagion.''</ref>

[[Malaria]] is widespread in [[Tropics|tropical]] and subtropical regions, including parts of the [[Americas]], [[Asiaආසියාව]], and [[Africa]]. Each year, there are approximately 350–500 million cases of malaria.<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/facts.htm Malaria Facts]. ''Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.''</ref> [[Drug resistance]] poses a growing problem in the treatment of malaria in the 21st century, since resistance is now common against all classes of antimalarial drugs, with the exception of the artemisinins.<ref>{{cite journal |author=White NJ |title=Antimalarial drug resistance |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=113 |issue=8 |pages=1084–92 |year=2004 |month=April |pmid=15085184 |pmc=385418 |doi=10.1172/JCI21682}}</ref>