"ව්යාප්ත වසංගත" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්
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=== HIV and AIDS ===
{{මූලික|AIDS pandemic}}
HIV went directly from Africa to Haiti, then spread to the United States and much of the rest of the world beginning around 1969.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/30/science/sci-aids30 The virus reached the U.S. by way of Haiti, genetic study shows.]. ''Los Angeles Times.'' October 30, 2007.</ref> [[HIV]], the virus that causes [[AIDS]], is currently a pandemic, with infection rates as high as 25% in southern and eastern Africa. In 2006 the HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women in [[South Africa]] was 29.1%.<ref>[http://www.avert.org/safricastats.htm The South African Department of Health Study, 2006]</ref> Effective education about safer sexual practices and [[bloodborne infection]] precautions training have helped to slow down infection rates in several African countries sponsoring national education programs. Infection rates are rising again in Asia and the Americas. AIDS could kill 31 million people in [[India]] and 18 million in [[
== Pandemics and notable epidemics through history ==
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=== Cholera ===
* [[First cholera pandemic]] 1816-1826. Previously restricted to the [[Indian subcontinent]], the pandemic began in [[Bengal]], then spread across India by 1820. 10,000 British troops and countless Indians died during this pandemic.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/intro/bio_cholera.htm Cholera- Biological Weapons]</ref> It extended as far as [[
* [[Second cholera pandemic]] 1829–1851. Reached Russia (see [[Cholera Riots]]), Hungary (about 100,000 deaths) and Germany in 1831, [[London]] in 1832 (more than 55,000 persons died in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]),<ref>[http://www.ph.ucla.edu/EPI/snow/pandemic1826-37.html Asiatic Cholera Pandemic of 1826-37]</ref> France, [[Canada]] ([[Ontario]]), and [[United States]] ([[New York]]) in the same year,<ref>[http://www.tngenweb.org/darkside/cholera.html The Cholera Epidemic Years in the United States]</ref> and the Pacific coast of North America by 1834. A two-year outbreak began in [[England]] and [[Wales]] in 1848 and claimed 52,000 lives.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2008/05/09/f-cholera-outbreaks.html Cholera's seven pandemics], cbc.ca, December 2, 2008</ref> It is believed that over 150,000 Americans died of cholera between 1832 and 1849.<ref name=Cholera>[http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2000_fall/1832_cholera_part2.html The 1832 Cholera Epidemic in New York State - Page 2]. By G. William Beardslee</ref>
* [[Third cholera pandemic|Third pandemic]] 1852–1860. Mainly affected [[Russia]], with over a million deaths. In 1852, cholera spread east to [[Indonesia]] and later invaded China and [[Japan]] in 1854. The Philippines were infected in 1858 and [[Korea]] in 1859. In 1859, an outbreak in Bengal once again led to the transmission of the disease to [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Arabia]] and Russia.<ref>[http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/Snow/pandemic1846-63.html Asiatic Cholera Pandemic of 1846-63 ]. UCLA School of Public Health.</ref>
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