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"ව්‍යාප්ත වසංගත" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

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සුළු r2.7.1) (රොබෝ එකතු කරමින්: ml:പാൻഡെമിക്
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40 පේළිය:
Encounters between European explorers and populations in the rest of the world often introduced local epidemics of extraordinary virulence. Disease killed the entire native ([[Guanches]]) population of the [[Canary Islands]] in the 16th century. Half the native population of [[Hispaniola]] in 1518 was killed by [[smallpox]]. Smallpox also ravaged [[Mexico]] in the 1520s, killing 150,000 in [[Tenochtitlán]] alone, including the emperor, and [[Peru]] in the 1530s, aiding the European conquerors.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_01.shtml Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge]</ref> [[Measles]] killed a further two million Mexican natives in the 1600s. In 1618–1619, smallpox wiped out 90% of the [[Massachusetts Bay]] Native Americans.<ref>[http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9968/9968.ch01.html Smallpox The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge], David A. Koplow</ref> During the 1770s, smallpox killed at least 30% of the [[Pacific Northwest]] Native Americans.<ref>Greg Lange,[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5100 "Smallpox epidemic ravages Native Americans on the northwest coast of North America in the 1770s"], 23 Jan 2003, HistoryLink.org, ''Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History'', accessed 2 Jun 2008</ref> Smallpox epidemics in [[North American smallpox epidemic|1780–1782]] and [[1837-38 smallpox epidemic|1837–1838]] brought devastation and drastic depopulation among the [[Plains Indians]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Houston CS, Houston S |title=The first smallpox epidemic on the Canadian Plains: In the fur-traders' words |journal=Can J Infect Dis |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=112–5 |year=2000 |month=March |pmid=18159275 |pmc=2094753 }}</ref> Some believe that the death of up to 95% of the [[Population history of American indigenous peoples|Native American population]] of the [[New World]] was caused by [[Old World]] diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpox.html The Story Of... Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs]</ref> Over the centuries, the Europeans had developed high degrees of [[Immunity (medical)|immunity]] to these diseases, while the [[indigenous peoples]] had no such immunity.<ref>[http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/papers/goodling.html Stacy Goodling, "Effects of European Diseases on the Inhabitants of the New World"]</ref>
 
Smallpox devastated the native population of [[Australiaඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව]], killing around 50% of [[Indigenous Australiansඕස්ට්‍රේලියාවns]] in the early years of British colonisation.<ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/media_701508643/Smallpox_Through_History.html Smallpox Through History]</ref> It also killed many [[New Zealand]] [[Māori]].<ref>[http://www.canr.msu.edu/overseas/nzenvironsci/infopart2.htm New Zealand Historical Perspective]</ref> As late as 1848–49, as many as 40,000 out of 150,000 [[Hawaii]]ans are estimated to have died of [[measles]], [[whooping cough]] and [[influenza]]. Introduced diseases, notably smallpox, nearly wiped out the native population of [[Easter Island]].<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/how-did-easter-islands-ancient-statues-lead-to-the-destruction-of-an-entire-ecosystem-455877.html How did Easter Island's ancient statues lead to the destruction of an entire ecosystem?], The Independent</ref> In 1875, measles killed over 40,000 [[Fiji]]ans, approximately one-third of the population.<ref>[http://www.fsm.ac.fj/aboutfsm.html Fiji School of Medicine]</ref> The disease decimated the [[Andamanese]] population.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4987406.stm Measles hits rare Andaman tribe]. ''BBC News.'' May 16, 2006.</ref> [[Ainu people|Ainu]] population decreased drastically in the 19th century, due in large part
to infectious diseases brought by Japanese settlers pouring into [[Hokkaido]].<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/asia/features/ontheroad/japan.sapporo.ainu.html Meeting the First Inhabitants], TIMEasia.com, 8/21/2000</ref>
 
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* Influenza pandemics in 1729-1730, 1732-1733, 1781-1782, 1830, 1833-1834, 1847-1848.<ref>[http://www.naturalnews.com/017503.html "Bird flu timeline: A history of influenza from 412 BC – AD 2006"]. NaturalNews.</ref>
* The "[[Influenza A virus subtype H2N2#Russian flu|Asiatic Flu]]", 1889–1890, was first reported in May 1889 in [[Bukhara]], Uzbekistan. By October, it had reached [[Tomsk]] and the [[Caucasus]]. It rapidly spread west and hit [[North America]] in December 1889, South America in February–April 1890, India in February-March 1890, and Australiaඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව in March–April 1890. It was purportedly caused by the [[H2N8]] type of flu virus. It had a very high attack and [[mortality rate]]. About 1 million people died in this pandemic."<ref> [http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/panflu/biofacts/panflu.html CIDRAP] article ''Pandemic Influenza'' Last updated 29 May 2008</ref>
* The "[[Spanish flu]]", 1918–1919. First identified early in March 1918 in US troops training at [[Fort Riley|Camp Funston]], [[Kansas]]. By October 1918, it had spread to become a world-wide pandemic on all continents, and eventually infected an estimated one third of the [[world's population]] (or ≈500 million persons).<ref name="Taubenberger"/> Unusually deadly and virulent, it ended nearly as quickly as it began, vanishing completely within 18 months. In six months, some 50 million were dead;<ref name = "Taubenberger">
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"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/ව්‍යාප්ත_වසංගත" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි