"දියමන්ති" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්
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1 පේළිය:
මෙම ලිපිය ඛනිජ පිලිබඳවයි. මැණික් ගල් සඳහා [[දියමන්ති(මැණික් ගල්)]] බලන්න. අනෙකුත් භාවිතයන් සඳහා, හැඩයත් ඇතුලුව <big>[[◊]]</big> [[දියමන්ති(disambiguation)]] බලන්න.
In [[mineralogy]], '''diamond''' (from the ancient [[Greek language|Greek]] αδάμας – adámas "unbreakable") is an [[Allotropes of carbon|allotrope of carbon]], where the carbon [[atoms]] are arranged in a variation of the [[face-centered cubic]] crystal structure called a [[diamond lattice]]. Diamond is [[Chemical stability|less stable]] than [[graphite]], but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at [[Standard conditions for temperature and pressure|ambient conditions]]. Diamond is renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities, most of which originate from the strong [[covalent bond]]ing between its atoms. In particular, diamond has the highest [[Scratch hardness|hardness]] and [[thermal conductivity]] of any bulk material. Those properties determine the major industrial application of diamond in cutting and polishing tools.
Diamond has remarkable optical characteristics. Because of its extremely rigid lattice, it can be contaminated by very few types of impurities, such as [[boron]] and [[nitrogen]]. Combined with wide transparency, this results in the clear, colorless appearance of most natural diamonds. Small amounts of defects or impurities (about one per million of lattice atoms) color diamond blue (boron), yellow (nitrogen), brown ([[lattice defect]]s), green (radiation exposure), purple, pink, orange or red. Diamond also has relatively high [[optical dispersion]] (ability to disperse light of different colors), which results in its characteristic [[luster (mineralogy)|luster]]. Excellent optical and mechanical properties, combined with efficient marketing, make diamond the most popular [[gemstone]].
Most natural diamonds are formed at high-pressure high-temperature conditions existing at depths of {{convert|140|to|190|sp=us|km}} in the [[Earth mantle]]. Carbon-containing minerals provide the carbon source, and the growth occurs over periods from 1 billion to 3.3 billion years (25% to 75% of the [[age of the Earth]]). Diamonds are brought close to the Earth surface through deep [[volcanic eruptions]] by a [[magma]], which cools into [[igneous rock]]s known as [[kimberlite]]s and [[lamproite]]s. Diamonds can also be produced synthetically in a [[HPHT diamond|high-pressure high-temperature]] process which approximately simulates the conditions in the Earth mantle. An alternative, and completely different growth technique is [[chemical vapor deposition]] (CVD). Several non-diamond materials, which include [[cubic zirconia]] and [[silicon carbide]] and are often called [[diamond simulants]], resemble diamond in appearance and many properties. Special [[Gemology|gemological]] techniques have been developed to distinguish natural and [[synthetic diamond]]s and diamond simulants.
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