"අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රොටෝකෝලය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

 

IP is the primary protocol in the [[Internet Layer]] of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering datagrams from the source [[Host (network)|host]] to the destination host solely based on their [[IP address|addresses]]. For this purpose, IP defines addressing methods and structures for datagram [[encapsulation (networking)|encapsulation]].

[[Transmission Control Protocol]] (TCP) is an example of a protocol that will adjust its segment size to be smaller than the MTU. [[User Datagram Protocol]] (UDP) and [[Internet Control Message Protocol]] (ICMP) disregard MTU size thereby forcing IP to fragment oversized datagrams.<ref>[http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1870 Basic Journey of a Packet]</ref>

 

Perhaps the most complex aspects of IP are [[IP address]]ing and [[routing]]. Addressing refers to how end hosts become assigned IP addresses and how subnetworks of IP host addresses are divided and grouped together. IP routing is performed by all hosts, but most importantly by internetwork routers, which typically use either [[interior gateway protocol]]s (IGPs) or [[Exterior Gateway Protocol|external gateway protocol]]s (EGPs) to help make IP datagram forwarding decisions across IP connected networks.

 

In May 1974, the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers]] (IEEE) published a paper entitled "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection."<ref>Vinton G. Cerf, Robert E. Kahn, "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication", IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 22, No. 5, May 1974 pp. 637-648</ref> The paper's authors, [[Vint Cerf]] and [[Bob Kahn]], described an internetworking protocol for sharing resources using packet-switching among the nodes. A central control component of this model was the "Transmission Control Program" (TCP) that incorporated both connection-oriented links and datagram services between hosts. The monolithic Transmission Control Program was later divided into a modular architecture consisting of the [[Transmission Control Protocol]] at the connection-oriented layer and the Internet Protocol at the internetworking (datagram) layer. The model became known informally as TCP/IP, although formally it was henceforth referenced as the [[Internet Protocol Suite]].

 

The Internet Protocol is one of the determining elements that define the [[Internet]]. The dominant internetworking protocol in the [[Internet Layer]] in use today is [[IPv4]]; with number 4 assigned as the formal protocol version number carried in every IP datagram. IPv4 is described in RFC 791 (1981).

 

 

Version numbers 0 through 3 were development versions of IPv4 used between 1977 and 1979.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} Version number 5 was used by the [[Internet Stream Protocol]], an experimental streaming protocol. Version numbers 6 through 9 were proposed for various protocol models designed to replace IPv4: SIPP (Simple Internet Protocol Plus, known now as IPv6), TP/IX (RFC 1475), PIP (RFC 1621) and TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses, RFC 1347). Version number 6 was eventually chosen as the official assignment for the successor Internet protocol, subsequently standardized as [[IPv6]].

The Internet Protocol is vulnerable to a variety of attacks. A thorough vulnerability assessment, along with proposed mitigations, was published in 2008 <ref>[http://www.cpni.gov.uk/Docs/InternetProtocol.pdf Security Assessment of the Internet Protocol (IP)]</ref>, and is currently being pursued within the [[IETF]].<ref>[http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsec-ip-security Security Assessment of the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)]</ref>

 

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*[[Outline of the Internet]]

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* {{dmoz|Computers/Internet/Protocols}}