"ඩී.ඩී.ටී" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

Content deleted Content added
No edit summary
137 පේළිය:
[http://www.fws.gov/contaminants/examples/AlaskaPeregrine.cfm Division of Environmental Quality]</ref>
 
== මිනිසාගේ සෞඛ්‍යයට ඇති පලපෑම ==
== Effects on human health ==
Potential mechanisms of action on humans are genotoxicity and endocrine disruption. DDT may be directly [[genotoxicity|genotoxic]],<ref name=Cohn07>{{
cite journal |coauthors=Cohn BA, Wolff MS, Cirillo PM, Sholtz RI |title=DDT and breast cancer in young women: new data on the significance of age at exposure |journal=Environ. Health Perspect. |volume=115 |issue=10 |pages=1406–14 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17938728 |pmc=2022666 |doi=10.1289/ehp.10260 |last1=Cohn |first1=BA }}</ref> but may also induce [[enzyme]]s to produce other genotoxic intermediates and [[DNA adduct]]s.<ref name=Cohn07/> It is an endocrine disruptor; The DDT metabolite [[Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene|DDE]] acts as an [[antiandrogen]] (but not as an [[estrogen]]). p,p'-DDT, DDT's main component, has little or no androgenic or estrogenic activity.<ref name=Cohn07/> Minor component o,p'-DDT has weak estrogenic activity.
 
=== තීව්‍ර විෂවීම ===
=== Acute toxicity ===
DDT is classified as "moderately toxic" by the United States [[National Toxicology Program]] (NTP)<ref>[http://pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33482 Pesticideinfo.org]</ref> and "moderately hazardous" by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO), based on the rat oral [[LD50|{{chem|LD|50}}]] of 113&nbsp;mg/kg.<ref name = "zvgfrt">
World Health Organization, [http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/pesticides_hazard_rev_3.pdf ''The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard''], 2005.</ref> DDT has on rare occasions been administered orally as a treatment for [[barbiturate]] poisoning.<ref>{{
147 පේළිය:
 
=== Chronic toxicity ===
==== Diabetesදියවැඩියාව ====
[[Organochlorine]] compounds, generally, and DDT and DDE, specifically, have been linked to [[diabetes]]. A number of studies from the US, Canada, and Sweden have found that the prevalence of the disease in a population increases with serum DDT or DDE levels.<ref>{{Cite journal |last = Jones |first = Oliver AH |last2 = Maguire |first2 = Mahon L |last3 = Griffin |first3 = Julian L |title = Environmental pollution and diabetes: a neglected association |journal = Lancet |volume = 371 |pages = 287–8 |date = January 26, 2008 |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6T1B-4RNK38J-B-1&_cdi=4886&_user=4420&_orig=browse&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2008&_sk=996280390&view=c&wchp=dGLbVtb-zSkzS&md5=49ceb153cf41f91572ac41664bcf057e&ie=/sdarticle.pdf |format=PDF| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60147-6 |pmid = 18294985 |issue = 9609 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Turyk|first=Mary|date=March 6, 2009|title=Organochlorine Exposure and Incidence of Diabetes in a Cohort of Great Lakes Sport Fish Consumers|journal=Environ. Health Perspect. |url=http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2009/0800281/abstract.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last = Codru |first = Neculai |last2 =Schymura| first2 = MJ | title = Diabetes in Relation to Serum Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Adult Native Americans |journal =Environ. Health Perspect. | volume = 115 |issue = 10| pages =1442–7 |year = 2007 |url = http://www.ehponline.org/members/2007/10315/10315.pdf|format=PDF |pmid = 17938733 |last3 = Negoita |first3 = S |author4 = Akwesasne Task Force on Environment |last5 = Rej |first5 = R |last6 = Carpenter |first6 = DO |doi = 10.1289/ehp.10315 |pmc = 2022671}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last = Cox |first = Shanna |title = Prevalence of Self-Reported Diabetes and Exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides among Mexican Americans: Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982–1984 |journal = Environ. Health Perspect | volume = 115 |issue = 12| pages = 1747–52 |year = 2007 |url = http://www.ehponline.org/members/2007/10258/10258.pdf|format=PDF |pmid = 18087594 |last3 = Narayan |first3 = KM |last4 = Marcus |first4 = M |doi = 10.1289/ehp.10258 |pmc = 2137130 |last2 = Niskar |first2 = AS}}</ref><ref name="pmid19654916">{{cite journal |author=Turyk M, Anderson H, Knobeloch L, Imm P, Persky V |title=Organochlorine exposure and incidence of diabetes in a cohort of Great Lakes sport fish consumers |journal=Environ. Health Perspect. |volume=117 |issue=7 |pages=1076–82 |year=2009 |month=July |pmid=19654916 |doi=10.1289/ehp.0800281 |pmc=2717133}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Philibert|first=Aline|coauthors=Harold Schwartz and Donna Mergler|date=11 December 2009|title=An Exploratory Study of Diabetes in a First Nation Community with Respect to Serum Concentrations of p,p’-DDE and PCBs and Fish Consumption|journal=Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health|volume=6|issue=12|pages=3179–89|url=http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/12/3179|doi=10.3390/ijerph6123179|pmid=20049255|pmc=2800343}}</ref>
 
184 පේළිය:
cite journal |author=Schell LM, Gallo MV, Denham M, Ravenscroft J, Decaprio AP, Carpenter DO |title=Relationship of Thyroid Hormone Levels to Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Lead, p, p'- DDE, and Other Toxicants in Akwesasne Mohawk Youth |journal=Environ. Health Perspect. |volume=116 |issue=6 |pages=806–13 |year=2008 |month=June |pmid=18560538 |doi=10.1289/ehp.10490 |pmc=2430238}}</ref>
 
==== Otherවෙනත් ====
Occupational exposure in agriculture and malaria control has been linked to neurological problems (i.e. Parkinsons)<ref>{{
cite journal | author=van Wendel de Joode B, Wesseling C, Kromhout H, Monge P, Garcia M, Mergler D | title=Chronic nervous-system effects of long-term occupational exposure to DDT | journal=Lancet | year=2001 | pages=1014–6 | volume=357 | issue=9261 | pmid=11293598 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04249-5}}</ref> and [[asthma]].<ref>
198 පේළිය:
Epidemiological studies suggest that DDT/DDE '''does not''' cause [[multiple myeloma]],<ref name="pmid16125595"/> or cancers of the [[prostate cancer|prostate]],<ref name="pmid16125595"/> [[endometrial cancer|endometrium]],<ref name="pmid16125595"/><ref name="PineRiver"/> [[colorectal cancer|rectum]],<ref name="pmid16125595"/><ref name="PineRiver"/>[[lung cancer|lung]],<ref name="PineRiver"/> [[bladder cancer|bladder]],<ref name="PineRiver"/> or [[stomach cancer|stomach]].<ref name="PineRiver"/>
 
==== Breastපියයුරු cancerපිලිකා ====
The question of whether DDT or DDE are [[risk factors of breast cancer]] has been repeatedly studied. While individual studies conflict, the most recent reviews of all the evidence conclude that pre-puberty exposure increases the risk of subsequent breast cancer.<ref name="PineRiver"/><ref name="pmid18557596">{{
cite journal |author=Clapp RW, Jacobs MM, Loechler EL |title=Environmental and occupational causes of cancer: new evidence 2005-2007 |journal=Rev Environ Health |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=1–37 |year=2008 |pmid=18557596 |pmc=2791455 }}</ref> Until recently, almost all studies measured DDT or DDE blood levels at the time of breast cancer diagnosis or after. This study design has been criticized, since the levels at diagnosis do not necessarily correspond to levels when her cancer started.<ref name="pmid18629310">{{
"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/ඩී.ඩී.ටී" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි