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"කුරානය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

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4 පේළිය:
{{Islam}}{{listen|filename=112 abdulbaset ikhlas.ogg|title=Vocal|format=[[Ogg]]}}
The '''Quran''' ({{IPA-en|kɒˈrɑːn}} {{Respell|kor|AHN|'}}; {{lang-ar|القرآن}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|al-qurʾān}}'', {{IPA-ar|qurˈʔaːn|IPA}},{{ref|a|[variations]}} literally meaning "a recitation"), also [[Arabic transliteration|transliterated]] '''Qur'an''', '''Koran''', '''Qur’ān''', '''Coran''', '''Kuran''', and '''al-Qur’ān''', is the central [[religious text]] of [[Islam]], which [[Muslim]]s consider the verbatim word of [[God in Islam|God]]<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein | authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr | title=Qurʾān |year=2007| encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica Online | accessdate=2007-11-04|location=|publisher=|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68890/Quran}}
</ref> ({{lang-ar|'''الله'''}}, ''[[Allah]]'') and the Final Testament, following the [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]s.<ref name="autogenerated1">Watton, Victor, (1993), ''A student's approach to world religions:Islam'', Hodder & Stoughton, pg 1. ISBN 0-340-58795-4</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=[http://books.google.com/books?id=wjNneGwYhUIC&lpg=PA71&dq=%22is%20the%20last%20and%20final%20testament.%22&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q=%22is%20the%20last%20and%20final%20testament.%22&f=false A study of the Qur'an & its teachings]|last=Shaikh|first=Khalid Mahmood|publisher=IQRA International Educational Foundation|year=1999|page=44|ISBN=9781563161186}}</ref> It is regarded widely as the finest [[Arabic literature|piece of literature]] in the [[Arabic language]].<ref>Alan Jones, The Koran, London 1994, ISBN 1842126091, opening page.</ref><ref>Arthur Arberry, The Koran Interpreted, London 1956, ISBN 0684825074, p. x.</ref><ref>Chejne, A. (1969) The Arabic Language: Its Role in History, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.</ref><ref>Nelson, K. (1985) The Art of Reciting the Quran, University of Texas Press, Austin</ref><ref>Speicher, K. (1997) in: Edzard, L., and
Szyska, C. (eds.) Encounters of Words and Texts: Intercultural Studies in Honor of Stefan Wild.
Georg Olms, Hildesheim, pp. 43–66.</ref><ref>Taji-Farouki, S. (ed.) (2004) Modern Muslim Intellectuals and the Quran, Oxford University Press, Oxford</ref><ref>Kermani, Naved. Poetry and Language. In: The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an (2006). ed: Andrew Rippin. Blackwell Publishing</ref> The Quran is divided into 114 [[suras]] of unequal length which are classified either as [[Meccan sura|Meccan]] or [[Medinan sura|Medinan]] depending upon their place and time of revelation.<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5ShMqiiJbNYC&pg=PA61&dq=quran+revealed+medina+mecca+surah&hl=en&ei=oOAFTry8H4as8gOv5-XpDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an] Ahmed Al-Laithy</ref>
 
Muslims believe the Quran to be verbally revealed through angel [[Gabriel|Jibrīl]] (Gabriel) from God to [[Muhammad]] gradually over a period of approximately twenty-three years beginning in 610 [[Common Era|CE]], when Muhammad was forty, and concluding in 632 CE, the year of his death.<ref name="Britannica"/><ref name = LivRlgP338>''Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths,'' Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers.</ref><ref name = QuranC17V106>{{Quran-usc|17|106|style=nosup}}</ref> Muslims further believe that the Qur'an was precisely memorized, recited and exactly written down by Muhammad's companions (''[[Sahaba]]'') after each revelation was dictated by him.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
 
Shortly after Muhammad's death the Quran was compiled into a single book by order of the first [[Caliphate|Caliph]] [[Abu Bakr]] and at the suggestion of his future successor [[Umar]]. [[Hafsa]], Muhammad's widow and Umar's daughter, was entrusted with that Quranic text after the second Caliph Umar died.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} When the third Caliph Uthman began noticing slight differences in Arabic [[dialect]] he sought Hafsa's permission to use her text to be set as the standard dialect, the [[Quraish]] dialect now known as ''[[Fus'ha]]'' ([[Modern Standard Arabic]]). Before returning the text to Hafsa Uthman made several thousand copies of Abu Bakr's redaction and, to standardize the text, invalidated all other versions of the Quran. This process of formalization is known as the "[[Uthman Qur'an|Uthmanic recension]]".<ref name="Uthman">{{cite web|url=http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/hadith/bukhari/061.sbt.html#006.061.510 |title=CRCC: Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts |publisher=Usc.edu |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}</ref> The present form of the Quran text is accepted by most scholars as the original version compiled by Abu Bakr.<ref name = "Uthman" /><ref>See:
*William Montgomery Watt in ''The Cambridge History of Islam'', p.32
*Richard Bell, William Montgomery Watt, 'introduction to the Qurʼān', p.51
*F. E. Peters (1991), pp.3–5: “Few have failed to be convinced that … the Quran is … the words of Muhammad, perhaps even dictated by him after their recitation.”</ref>
 
[[Muslim]]s regard the Quran as the main [[miracle]] of Muhammad, the proof of his prophethood<ref>Peters (2003), pp.12 and 13{{full}}</ref> and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]], regarded in Islam as the first [[prophet]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Brannon M.|last=Wheeler|year=2002|title=Prophets in the Quran: an introduction to the Quran and Muslim exegesis|publisher=Continuum|page=15|ISBN=9780826449566}}</ref> and continued with the ''[[Suhuf Ibrahim]]'' (Scrolls of Abraham),<ref>{{Quran-usc|87|18|end=19|style=nosup}}</ref> the ''[[Tawrat]]'' (Torah or [[Pentateuch]]) of [[Moses]],<ref>{{Quran-usc|3|3|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|5|44|style=nosup}}</ref> the ''[[Zabur]]'' (''Tehillim'' or [[Book of Psalms]]) of [[David]],<ref>{{Quran-usc|4|163|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|17|55|style=nosup}}</ref> and the ''[[Injil]]'' ([[Good news (Christianity)|Gospel]]) of [[Jesus]].<ref name = QuranC5V46>{{Quran-usc|5|46|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|5|110|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|57|27|style=nosup}}</ref> The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in [[Books of the Bible|Jewish and Christian scriptures]], summarizing some, dwelling at length on others and in some cases presenting alternative accounts and interpretations of events.<ref>{{Quran-usc|3|84|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|4|136|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>“The Quran assumes the reader is familiar with the traditions of the ancestors since the age of the Patriarchs, not necessarily in the version of the ‘Children of Israel’ as described in the Bible but also in the version of the ‘Children of Ismail’ as recounted orally, interspersed with polytheist elements, at the time of Muhammad. The term ''jahiliya'' (ignorance), used to speak of the pre-Islamic epoch, does not imply that the Arabs were not familiar with their traditional roots but that their knowledge of ethical and spiritual values had been lost.” ''Exegesis of Bible and Qur'an'', H. Krausen. [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/athens/thebes/8206/hkrausen/exegesis.htm&date=2009-10-25+12:56:00 Webcitation.org]{{verify credibility|date=July 2011|failed=y}}</ref> The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance, sometimes offering detailed accounts of specific historical events, and often emphasizing the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence.<ref>Nasr (2003), p.42{{full|date=July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|2|67|end=76|style=nosup}}</ref>
 
 
 
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