"නිදහස් මෘදුකාංග" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්
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7 පේළිය:
නිදහස් මෘදුකාංග නොමිලේ බෙදාහැරීම ඇරඹූ දා සිටම එය ගාස්තුවක් අය නොකර හෝ ඉතාම අවම ගාස්තුවක් අයකරගෙන ලබාදේ. නිදහස් මෘදුකාංග ව්‍යාපාර ආකෘති පදනම්ව ඇත්තේ සහාය ලබාදීමේ ,පුහුණු කිරීමේ, නවීකරණ කිරීමේ, ඒකාබද්ධ වීම් ,හෝ හතික කිරීම් වැනි වටිනාකම් එක් කිරීමෙනි. එමෙන්ම සමහර ව්‍යාපාර ආකෘති හරහා හිමිකාරීත්ව මෘදුකාංග ලබා දුන්නද ඒවා නිදහස් මෘදුකාංග වලින් වෙනස් වන්නේ එකී හිමිකාරීත්ව මෘදුකාංග නීත්‍යානුකූලව භාවිතයට ලබා ගත යුතු අවසර පත්‍රය ගෙවීමකින් අනතුරුව ලබාගත යුතු නියාවෙනි.
==ඉතිහාසය==
1950, 1960 හා 1970 දශක වල සාමාන්‍ය පරිගනක පරිශීලකයින් නිදහස් මෘදුකාංග භාවිතා කලහ. මෘදුකාංග බොහෝ දුරට පරිශීලකයින් හා දෘඩාංග නිෂ්පාදකයින් මෘදුකාංග බෙදාහදා ගත් අතර එමගින් ඔවුන්ගේ දෘඩාංගවල ප්‍රයෝජනත්වය වැඩි කරනු ලැබීය. මෘදුකාංග බෙදා ගැනීමට සංවිධාන පවා පිහිටුවා ගත්හ. මෙමගින් මෘදුකාංග බෙදා හදා ගැනීම් වලට මනා සහයක් ලැබින.
Organizations of users and suppliers, for example, SHARE, were formed to facilitate exchange of software. By the late 1960s, the picture changed: software costs were dramatically increasing, a growing software industry was competing with the hardware manufacturer's bundled software products (free in that the cost was included in the hardware cost), leased machines required software support while providing no revenue for software, and some customers able to better meet their own needs did not want the costs of "free" software bundled with hardware product costs. In United States vs. IBM, filed January 17, 1969, the government charged that bundled software was anticompetitive.[7] While some software might always be free, there would be a growing amount of software that was for sale only. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the software industry began using technical measures (such as only distributing binary copies of computer programs) to prevent computer users from being able to study and modify software. In 1980 copyright law was extended to computer programs.
In 1983, Richard Stallman, longtime member of the hacker community at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, announced the GNU project, saying that he had become frustrated with the effects of the change in culture of the computer industry and its users. Software development for the GNU operating system began in January 1984, and the Free Software Foundation (FSF) was founded in October 1985. He developed a free software definition and the concept of "copyleft", designed to ensure software freedom for all.
The economic viability of free software has been recognized by large corporations such as IBM, Red Hat, and Sun Microsystems.[8][9][10][11][12] Many companies whose core business is not in the IT sector choose free software for their Internet information and sales sites, due to the lower initial capital investment and ability to freely customize the application packages. Also, some non-software industries are beginning to use techniques similar to those used in free software development for their research and development process; scientists, for example, are looking towards more open development processes, and hardware such as microchips are beginning to be developed with specifications released under copyleft licenses (see the OpenCores project, for instance). Creative Commons and the free culture movement have also been largely influenced by the free software movement.
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