"විෂ්ණු නාරායන් භාත්ඛණ්ඩේ" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

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{{පරිවර්තනය නොනිමි|ඉංග්‍රීසි|Ghazal}}
'''පණ්ඩිත් විෂ්ණු නාරායන් භාත්කණඩේ''' (August 10, 1860 &ndash; September 19, 1936) was an [[ඉන්දියාව]]n musicologist who wrote the first modern treatise on (උ. ඉන්‍දියානු) [[හින්දුස්ථානී සංගීතය]], an art which had been propagated earlier for a few centuries mostly through oral traditions. During those earlier times, the art had undergone several changes, rendering the [[raga]] ''grammar'' documented in scant old texts outdated.<ref>http://www.hindu.com/br/2007/01/02/stories/2007010200741800.htm</ref>
 
[[Raga]]s used to be classified into Raga (male), Ragini (female), and Putra (children). Bhatkhande reclassified them into the currently used [[Thaat]] system. He noted that several ragas did not conform to their description in ancient Sanskrit texts. He explained the ragas in an easy-to-understand language and composed several ''bandishes'' which explained the grammar of the ragas. He borrowed the idea of ''lakshan geet'' from the [[Carnatic music]] scholar [[Venkatamakhin]].
 
==Early life==
Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande was born in 1860, into a [[Chittapawan Brahmin]] family in [[Walkeshwar]], [[Mumbai]]. He was educated at [[Elphinstone College]] in Mumbai and [[Deccan College (Pune)|Deccan College]] in [[Pune]]. He graduated with a degree in Law in 1885 and joined the legal profession in 1887. Later he served a short stint as a lawyer in the [[High Courts of Pakistan|High Court]] in [[Karachi]].
 
During his college days, Bhatkhande began learning [[sitar]] playing from Vallabhdas. He later learned vocal music from Raojiba, a [[Dhrupad]] singer. He also trained in other aspects of classical music under Belbagkar, [[Ali Husain Khan]], and Vilayat Hussain Khan. He became a member of ''Gayan Uttejak Mandali'', a musical circle in Mumbai.
 
==Career==
===Research in music===
Bhatkhande traveled throughout India, meeting with [[ustad]]s and [[pandit]]s, and researching music. He began the study of ancient texts such as the ''[[Natya Shastra]]'' and ''[[Sangeet Ratnakara]]''.<ref>http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/03/30/stories/2007033001430200.htm</ref>
 
[[File:Bhat notation1.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Music notations developed by Bhatkhade]]
After the death of his wife and his daughter, Bhatkhande abandoned his legal practice and devoted the rest of his life to systematizing the prevailing forms of Hindustani music and building on that system a coordinated theory and practice of music. During his travels in [[India]], he spent time in [[Baroda]], [[Gwalior]], and [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]]; an unverified claim says he collected some works of [[Tansen]]. Ustads like Mohammad Ali Khan, Asgar Ali Khan, and Ahmed Ali Khan of Jaipur gave him more than 300 precious compositions of the Manarang Gharana.
 
Bhatkhande's first published work, ''Swar Malika'', was a booklet containing detailed descriptions of all prevalent ragas. In 1909, he published ''Shri Mallakshaya Sangeetam'', in Sanskrit, under the pseudonym 'Chatur-pandit'. To make this cultural heritage accessible to the common man, he published commentary on his own Sanskrit grantha in Marathi over a span of several years; it was published over four volumes bearing the title: ''Hindustani Sangeet Paddhati''. These volumes form today the standard text on Hindustani music, an indispensable starting point for any student of Hindustani Classical Music. His disciple [[S N Ratanjankar]], famous musician Shri. Dilip Kumar Roy, Ratanjankar's disciple [[K. G. Ginde]], S.C.R.Bhatt, Ram Ashrey Jha 'Ramrang' and [[Sumati Mutatkar]] are among the notable scholars who followed in the footsteps of Bhatkhande.
 
Bhatkhande wrote all of his works under one of the two [[pseudonym]]s, Vishnu Sharma and Chaturpandit.
 
===Institutions===
Bhatkhande started schools and colleges in India for systematic teaching of Hindustani music. In 1916, he reorganized the Baroda state music school, and later, with the help of the [[Maharaja of Gwalior]], established the Madhav Music College in Gwalior.
 
In 1926, [[Rai Umanath Bali]] and his nephew Dr. [[Rai Rajeshwar Bali]], then education minister of United Provinces, established Maris College of Music in [[Lucknow]], Bhatkhande preparing the course material. The college is now renamed Bhatkhande College of Hindustani Music, now known as [[Bhatkhande Music Institute]] ([[Deemed University]]). Preparation of that course material was a landmark achievement of Bhatkhande since musical knowledge used to be passed on orally in earlier times from Gurus and Ustads to their disciples.
 
Bhatkhande prepared the ''Hindustani Sangeet Karmik Pustak Malika'' as a series of textbooks. He also started the tradition of the All India Music Conferences to provide a common platform for discussion between Hindustani and Carnatic classical musicians.
 
==Death==
Bhatkhade suffered [[paralysis]] and a thigh fracture in 1933. He died in 1936 on [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] day{{Clarify|date=September 2009}}.
 
The Post and Telegraph Department of India paid homage to Bhatkhande by releasing on September 1, 1961 a commemorative stamp containing his portrait.
 
==ග්‍රන්‍ථ නාමාවලිය==
# Shrimallakshya-sangeetam - A treatise, in Sanskrit, on the theory of music in slokas and describing the important ragas. (Lakshya=current)
"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/විෂ්ණු_නාරායන්_භාත්ඛණ්ඩේ" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි