"කාබන් ඩයොක්සයිඩ්" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

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62 පේළිය:
කාබන් ඩයොක්සයිඩ් ආම්ලික ඔක්සයිඩයකි. එය නිල් ලිට්මස් රතු පැහැ ගන්වයි.
 
==Chemical and physical properties==
 
[[File:Carbon dioxide pressure-temperature phase diagram.svg|left|thumb|220px|Carbon dioxide pressure-temperature phase diagram showing the [[triple point]] and [[Critical point (thermodynamics)|critical point]] of carbon dioxide]]
[[File:Dry Ice Pellets Subliming.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Small pellets of dry ice subliming in air.]]
 
{{details|Carbon dioxide (data page)}}Carbon dioxide is colorless. At low concentrations, the gas is odorless. At higher concentrations it has a sharp, acidic odor. It will act as an asphyxiant and an irritant. When inhaled at concentrations much higher than usual atmospheric levels, it can produce a sour taste in the mouth and a stinging sensation in the nose and throat. These effects result from the gas dissolving in the [[mucous membranes]] and [[saliva]], forming a weak solution of [[carbonic acid]]. This sensation can also occur during an attempt to stifle a burp after drinking a [[Carbonation|carbonated beverage]]. Amounts above 5,000 ppm are considered very unhealthy, and those above about 50,000 ppm (equal to 5% by volume) are considered dangerous to animal life.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff|date= 16 August 2006|url = http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/124389.html|title = Carbon dioxide: IDLH Documentation|publisher = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|accessdate = 2007-07-05}}</ref>
 
At [[Standard conditions for temperature and pressure|standard temperature and pressure]], the density of carbon dioxide is around 1.98&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup>, about 1.5 times that of [[Earth's atmosphere|air]]. The carbon dioxide molecule (O=C=O) contains two [[covalent bond|double bonds]] and has a linear shape. It has no electrical [[dipole]], and as it is fully [[Redox|oxidized]], it is moderately [[Chemical reaction|reactive]] and is non-flammable, but will support the combustion of metals such as [[magnesium]].
 
Above -78.51° [[Celsius|C]] or -109.3° [[Fahrenheit|F]], carbon dioxide changes directly from a solid phase to a gaseous phase through [[sublimation (chemistry)|sublimation]], or from gaseous to solid through [[Deposition (chemistry)|deposition]]. Solid carbon dioxide is normally called "[[dry ice]]", a [[generic trademark]]. It was first observed in 1825 by the French chemist [[Charles Thilorier]]. Dry ice is commonly used as a cooling agent, and it is relatively inexpensive. A convenient property for this purpose is that solid carbon dioxide sublimes directly into the gas phase leaving no liquid. It can often be found in grocery stores and laboratories, and it is also used in the shipping industry. The largest non-cooling use for dry ice is [[Dry ice blasting|blast cleaning]].
 
Liquid carbon dioxide forms only at [[pressure]]s above 5.1 atm; the [[triple point]] of carbon dioxide is about 518 [[kPa]] at -56.6 °C (See phase diagram, above). The [[Critical point (thermodynamics)|critical point]] is 7.38 MPa at 31.1 °C.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C124389&Units=SI&Mask=4#Thermo-Phase|title=Phase change data for Carbon dioxide|publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology|accessdate=2008-01-21}}</ref>
 
An alternative form of solid carbon dioxide, an [[amorphous]] glass-like form, is possible, although not at atmospheric pressure.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Santoro|first=M.|year=2006|title=Amorphous silica-like carbon dioxide|journal=Nature|volume=441|pages=857–860|doi=10.1038/nature04879|pmid=16778885|last2=Gorelli|first2=FA|last3=Bini|first3=R|last4=Ruocco|first4=G|last5=Scandolo|first5=S|last6=Crichton|first6=WA|issue=7095}}</ref> This form of glass, called [[amorphous carbonia|''carbonia'']], was produced by [[supercooling]] heated CO<sub>2</sub> at extreme pressure (40–48 [[GPa]] or about 400,000 atmospheres) in a [[diamond anvil]]. This discovery confirmed the theory that carbon dioxide could exist in a glass state similar to other members of its elemental family, like [[silicon]] ([[silica|silica glass]]) and [[germanium]]. Unlike silica and germania glasses, however, carbonia glass is not stable at normal pressures and reverts back to gas when pressure is released.
 
 
"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/කාබන්_ඩයොක්සයිඩ්" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි