|
|
Northwestern Mesopotamia
|
Northern Mesopotamia
|
Southern Mesopotamia
|
| c. 3500–2350 BCE
|
Late Chalcolithic 4-5 / Early Jezirah 1-3
|
Uruk period / Jemdet Nasr period / Early Dynastic period
|
| c. 2350–2200 BCE
|
Akkadian Empire
|
| c. 2200–2100 BCE
|
Gutians
|
| c. 2100–2000 BCE
|
Third Dynasty of Ur
|
| c. 2000–1800 BCE
|
Mari and other Amorite city-states
|
Old Assyrian period
|
Isin/Larsa and other Amorite city-states
|
| c. 1800–1600 BCE
|
Old Hittite Kingdom
|
Old Babylonian Empire (Southern Akkadians)
|
| c. 1600–1400 BCE
|
Mitanni (Hurrians)
|
Karduniaš (Kassites)
|
| c. 1400–1200 BCE
|
Middle Hittite Kingdom
|
|
Middle Assyria
|
| c. 1200–1150 BCE
|
Bronze Age Collapse ("Sea Peoples")
|
Arameans
|
| c. 1150–911 BCE
|
Phoenicia
|
Neo-Hittite
city-states
|
Aram-
Damascus
|
Arameans
|
Middle Babylonia
|
Chal-
de-
ans
|
| 911–729 BCE
|
Neo-Assyrian Empire
|
| 729–609 BCE
|
|
|
| 626–539 BCE
|
Neo-Babylonian Empire (Chaldeans)
|
| 539–331 BCE
|
Achaemenid Empire
|
| 336–301 BCE
|
Macedonian Empire (Ancient Greeks and Macedonians)
|
| 311–129 BCE
|
Seleucid Empire
|
| 129–63 BCE
|
Seleucid Empire
|
Parthian Empire
|
| 63 BCE–224 CE
|
Ancient Rome - Byzantine Empire (Syria)
|
| 224–mid 7C
|
Sassanid Empire
|
